Grant Kaplan is professor of theology at Saint Louis University. He is the author of a number of books, including Answering the Enlightenment: The Catholic Recovery of Historical Revelation.

"This book is a welcome, intelligent engagement with the work of René Girard and the Catholic discipline of fundamental theology. The author also brings in a plethora of other interlocuters, thus further enriching the study." —Pro Ecclesia"The most comprehensive overview yet of Girard's theory, as it relates to philosophical or fundamental theology." —Irish Theological Quarterly"Grant Kaplan has done the field a great service by systematizing the often nonsystematic thought of René Girard and deftly answering critiques of Girard's work (from John Milbank to Sarah Coakley) along the way." —Horizons"The real gift of Kaplan's book consists in showing that, with man's enlarged brain, reciprocity (rather than autonomy) and 'mind melding' became exponentially more advanced in humans over animals – especially in the initial oral cultures. This means all learning involves a 'conversion,' and that the disinterested Enlightenment variation (based on print) is a late development and aberrant ideal." —The Heythrop Journal"Kaplan . . . argues that Girard was a Christian theologian, in the broad sense, and that through a careful examination of his writings one can understand him as a contributor to fundamental theology and an effective apologist or defender of the faith. Specifically, his mimetic theory successfully refutes many of the arguments against Christianity from such figures as Nietzsche and the new atheists. This is a helpful addition to the literature on Girard,." —Choice"One key aspect of [Girard's] thought that is clearly ambiguous is the sense of whether he writes, or does not write, as a Christian thinker. Author Grant Kaplan wades directly into this thicket of claims and attempts to sort out the issues involved more clearly than Girard ever did himself. He succeeds admirably, writing a thorough and engaging book that treats the question of Girard's religious presuppositions, and many other topics related to Kaplan's own area of expertise: Catholic fundamental theology." —Reading Religion"There are many reasons why this book comes to us not a moment too soon. First among these must be the fact that, despite the almost ever-present violence that takes place on our streets and in our world today, we are seemingly as incapable of effectively dealing with violence and scapegoating as ever, and the reason for this failure seems to be a structural one as much as it is also, always, personal in nature. Girard's work offers theologians the chance to say something significant to this perpetually frustrating context in a way that can be permanently transformative, renewing hearts and minds through faith in a source of grace that lies beyond the mechanisms and oppressive institutions that continue to shape how a politics of scapegoating carries on most days. . . . It is an immense gift that Kaplan has given us with his latest work." —America"With clarity and erudition, Grant Kaplan has demonstrated the theological fecundity of Girard's thought. Kaplan opens up the dialogue to include major themes in fundamental theology, attending to how Girard's insights into mimesis and the scapegoat mechanism shed new light on traditional questions. A welcome addition to a growing body of Girardian theological literature." —Neil Ormerod, Australian Catholic University"This is a promising and original book advancing the discussion of Girard and theology. It exemplifies today's growing appreciation of Girard's work as having become more intentionally theological, rather than purely social scientific and objective. The discussion of reason and revelation cast in a hermeneutical key is perhaps the book's strongest exploration of this complementarity in Girard, between rational objectivity and the necessity of conversion." —Scott Cowdell, author of René Girard and Secular Modernity: Christ, Culture, and Crisis"In this pathbreaking book, Grant Kaplan provides a theoretical framework for understanding René Girard as a particular kind of theologian, a Christian apologist in an age of unbelief whose anthropological explorations necessarily entail a theological horizon and verge upon fundamental theological questions. Reading the Girardian literary corpus broadly, Kaplan calls attention to modifications of, and developments within, Girard's mimetic theory across time, as the French thinker attended to the constructive critiques of such theologians as Raymund Schwager and Hans Urs von Balthasar. Girard's apologetic response to theologians and his appeal to them as co-investigators, Kaplan argues, have had a transformative effect upon theology itself as a discipline, reminding it of its own most fundamental concerns: sin, grace, conversion, revelation. Highly recommended." —Ann W. Astell, University of Notre Dame

Grant Kaplan is professor of theology at Saint Louis University. He is the author of a number of books, including Answering the Enlightenment: The Catholic Recovery of Historical Revelation.

"This book is a welcome, intelligent engagement with the work of René Girard and the Catholic discipline of fundamental theology. The author also brings in a plethora of other interlocuters, thus further enriching the study." —Pro Ecclesia"The most comprehensive overview yet of Girard's theory, as it relates to philosophical or fundamental theology." —Irish Theological Quarterly"Grant Kaplan has done the field a great service by systematizing the often nonsystematic thought of René Girard and deftly answering critiques of Girard's work (from John Milbank to Sarah Coakley) along the way." —Horizons"The real gift of Kaplan's book consists in showing that, with man's enlarged brain, reciprocity (rather than autonomy) and 'mind melding' became exponentially more advanced in humans over animals – especially in the initial oral cultures. This means all learning involves a 'conversion,' and that the disinterested Enlightenment variation (based on print) is a late development and aberrant ideal." —The Heythrop Journal"Kaplan . . . argues that Girard was a Christian theologian, in the broad sense, and that through a careful examination of his writings one can understand him as a contributor to fundamental theology and an effective apologist or defender of the faith. Specifically, his mimetic theory successfully refutes many of the arguments against Christianity from such figures as Nietzsche and the new atheists. This is a helpful addition to the literature on Girard,." —Choice"One key aspect of [Girard's] thought that is clearly ambiguous is the sense of whether he writes, or does not write, as a Christian thinker. Author Grant Kaplan wades directly into this thicket of claims and attempts to sort out the issues involved more clearly than Girard ever did himself. He succeeds admirably, writing a thorough and engaging book that treats the question of Girard's religious presuppositions, and many other topics related to Kaplan's own area of expertise: Catholic fundamental theology." —Reading Religion"There are many reasons why this book comes to us not a moment too soon. First among these must be the fact that, despite the almost ever-present violence that takes place on our streets and in our world today, we are seemingly as incapable of effectively dealing with violence and scapegoating as ever, and the reason for this failure seems to be a structural one as much as it is also, always, personal in nature. Girard's work offers theologians the chance to say something significant to this perpetually frustrating context in a way that can be permanently transformative, renewing hearts and minds through faith in a source of grace that lies beyond the mechanisms and oppressive institutions that continue to shape how a politics of scapegoating carries on most days. . . . It is an immense gift that Kaplan has given us with his latest work." —America"With clarity and erudition, Grant Kaplan has demonstrated the theological fecundity of Girard's thought. Kaplan opens up the dialogue to include major themes in fundamental theology, attending to how Girard's insights into mimesis and the scapegoat mechanism shed new light on traditional questions. A welcome addition to a growing body of Girardian theological literature." —Neil Ormerod, Australian Catholic University"This is a promising and original book advancing the discussion of Girard and theology. It exemplifies today's growing appreciation of Girard's work as having become more intentionally theological, rather than purely social scientific and objective. The discussion of reason and revelation cast in a hermeneutical key is perhaps the book's strongest exploration of this complementarity in Girard, between rational objectivity and the necessity of conversion." —Scott Cowdell, author of René Girard and Secular Modernity: Christ, Culture, and Crisis"In this pathbreaking book, Grant Kaplan provides a theoretical framework for understanding René Girard as a particular kind of theologian, a Christian apologist in an age of unbelief whose anthropological explorations necessarily entail a theological horizon and verge upon fundamental theological questions. Reading the Girardian literary corpus broadly, Kaplan calls attention to modifications of, and developments within, Girard's mimetic theory across time, as the French thinker attended to the constructive critiques of such theologians as Raymund Schwager and Hans Urs von Balthasar. Girard's apologetic response to theologians and his appeal to them as co-investigators, Kaplan argues, have had a transformative effect upon theology itself as a discipline, reminding it of its own most fundamental concerns: sin, grace, conversion, revelation. Highly recommended." —Ann W. Astell, University of Notre Dame