Plant Factory Basics, Applications and Advances

Toyoki Kozai Ph.D, is the president of The Agricultural Academy of Japan. After establishing his early work on greenhouse light environments, energy savings, ventilation, and computer applications, his scientific interest was extended to in-vitro environments and their control for sugar-free medium micro-propagation and transplant production in closed systems using artificial lighting. He served as President of the Japan Plant Factory Association (a non-profit organization) and is leading the research and development of controlled environmental greenhouses using heat pumps, artificial lighting, fogging, CO2 enrichment, and nutrient solution control systems. Selected awards are Lifetime Achievement Award (2009) from Society of In Vitro Biology, USA. The 2002 Purple Ribbon Award from Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. Japan Prize of Agricultural Sciences from Association of Japanese Agricultural Scientific Societies, 2018 honorary PhD degree from Mahidol University, Thailand ‘The Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star’ from Japanese Government 2019. Dr. Genhua is a professor in urban horticulture with Texas A&M AgriLife Research at Dallas and Department of Horticultural Sciences. Her area of expertise is controlled environment agriculture and plant stress physiology. Her current research focuses on hydroponics, nutrition management, LED lighting, optimization of growing environment, and development of best management practices related to urban controlled environment agriculture. She is the co-editor and author of the book “Plant Factory - Indoor Vertical Farming for Efficient Quality Food Production” (1st & 2nd edition). Dr. Niu received several awards from Texas A&M University for her service and research, American Society for Horticultural Science, and USDA-NIFA. Dr. Masabni is the small-acreage extension vegetable specialist with Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service. His extension effort focuses on small-acreage vegetable production and urban horticulture including traditional open field vegetable production and high tunnels for season extension. Dr. Masabni’s outreach and interaction with vegetable producers has helped identify and focus research needs in sustainable vegetable production. Thus, his recent research and extension interests have expanded to soilless cultivation, hydroponics, and aquaponics in high tunnels and greenhouses. Dr. Masabni organizes webinars and annual workshops. He has designed three online self-paced educational courses as a teaching resource to the public. He writes extension articles on a regular basis and has delivered hundreds of presentations at international, national, and regional scientific and grower conferences, and to the public.

• PART 1. Introduction1. Why plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) are necessary 2. Terms related to PFALs3. Role and characteristics of PFALs4. Contribution of PFALs to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and BeyondPART 2. Basics5. Photonmetric quantities and their application6. LED product terminology and performance description of LED luminaires7. Photon efficacy in horticulture: turning LED packages into LED luminaires8. Balances and use efficiencies of CO2, water and energy9. Hydroponics10. Aquaponics11. Plant responses to environmentsPART 3. Applications12. Productivity: Definition and application13. How to integrate and optimize productivity14. Emerging economics and profitability of PFALs15. Business models and cost performance of downtown mini-plant factories16. Indoor production of tomatoesSECTION 4. Advanced Research in PFALs and Indoor Farms17. Toward an optimal spectrum for photosynthesis and plant morphology in LED-based crop cultivation 18. Indoor lighting effects on plant nutritional compounds and mineral elements19. Indoor Production of Ornamental Seedlings, Vegetable Transplants, and Microgreens20. Molecular breeding of miraculin-accumulating tomatoes with suitable traits for cultivation in PFALs and the optimization of cultivation methods21. Environmental control of PFAL22. Human-Centered Perspective on Urban Agriculture23. Towards commercial production of head vegetables in plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs)24. Concluding remarks