Diagnostic Pathology: Blood and Bone Marrow

Dr. Kathy Foucar is a Distinguished Professor Emerita of Pathology at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center with 40+ years of practice in diagnostic hematopathology. She is the cofounder of the Hematopathology Fellowship at UNM. Dr. Foucar is the author or editor of 13 books on neoplastic and non-neoplastic hematopathology with an emphasis on blood and bone marrow, and over 120 peer-reviewed publications. She is the 2019 recipient of the Alumni Achievement Award from Ohio State University School of Medicine.

"This is the third edition of a book in the highly acclaimed Diagnostic Pathology series that covers the full spectrum of blood and bone marrow diseases. The previous edition was published in 2018." ©Doody’s Review Service, 2024, Anamarija Perry, MD (University of Michigan Medical School) Doody’s Score: 100 - 5 Stars!

• SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION4 Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow HistologyKathryn Foucar, MD14 Bone Marrow Examination and TechniquesKathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD26 Synoptic/Integrated Bone Marrow Reporting and Algorithmic TestingAmer Mahmoud, MD, FCAP and Cordelia Sever, MD, FCAP30 Overview of Constitutional and Acquired Bone Marrow DisordersKathryn Foucar, MDSECTION 2: ANEMIA38 Overview of AnemiaKathryn Foucar, MDACQUIRED ANEMIAS44 Anemias of Inflammation, Chronic Kidney Disease, and CancerQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD48 Iron Deficiency AnemiaQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD52 Autoimmune Hemolytic AnemiasQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD58 Alloimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Hemolytic Disease of NewbornQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD62 Microangiopathic Hemolytic AnemiaQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD, Jay S. Raval, MD, and Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH68 Megaloblastic AnemiaKristin Hunt Karner, MD and Daniel Babu, MD76 Acquired Nonneoplastic Sideroblastic AnemiaBrittany Coffman, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD80 Alcoholism-Associated AnemiaBrittany Coffman, MD, Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD84 Anemia in Older AdultsKathryn Foucar, MD88 Copper Deficiency-Associated AnemiaCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD92 Acquired Red Cell AplasiaKristin Hunt Karner, MD96 Transient Erythroblastopenia of ChildhoodKathryn Foucar, MD98 Parvovirus-Induced Red Cell AplasiaKristin Hunt Karner, MD102 Paroxysmal Nocturnal HemoglobinuriaKristin Hunt Karner, MD108 Acquired Aplastic AnemiaKathryn Foucar, MD and David R. Czuchlewski, MDCONSTITUTIONAL ANEMIAS112 ThalassemiaKristin Hunt Karner, MD118 Sickle Cell AnemiaKristin Hunt Karner, MD122 Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) DeficiencyBrittany Coffman, MD and Kathryn Foucar, MD124 Pyruvate Kinase DeficiencyKristin Hunt Karner, MD126 Hereditary SpherocytosisCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD132 Hereditary Elliptocytosis, Including Hereditary PyropoikilocytosisBrittany Coffman, MD, Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD136 Diamond-Blackfan AnemiaDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD140 Fanconi AnemiaDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD144 Congenital Dyserythropoietic AnemiaKathryn Foucar, MD150 Congenital Sideroblastic AnemiaDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD154 Congenital Megaloblastic AnemiaDavid R. Czuchlewski, MDSECTION 3: ERYTHROCYTOSISCONSTITUTIONAL162 Congenital ErythrocytosisDavid R. Czuchlewski, MDACQUIRED166 Acquired ErythrocytosisKathryn Foucar, MDSECTION 4: BENIGN LEUKOCYTE DISORDERS IN BLOOD AND BONE MARROW172 Overview of Benign Leukocyte Disorders in Blood and Bone MarrowKathryn Foucar, MD176 PancytopeniaKathryn Foucar, MD184 NeutropeniaKathryn Foucar, MD190 NeutrophiliaKathryn Foucar, MD196 MonocytosisCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD202 EosinophiliaCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD210 BasophiliaKathryn Foucar, MD212 LymphocytosisQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD216 Lymphopenia, Constitutional and AcquiredQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD220 Plasmacytosis of Bone MarrowKathryn Foucar, MD228 Hematogones in Bone MarrowDevon Chabot-Richards, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD238 Lymphoid Aggregates in Bone MarrowKathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD246 Granulomas in Bone MarrowKathryn Foucar, MDSECTION 5: CONSTITUTIONAL GRANULOCYTIC DISORDERS CONSTITUTIONAL NEUTROPENIAS254 Severe Congenital Neutropenia and Cyclic NeutropeniaDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD258 Shwachman-Diamond SyndromeDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD262 Chediak-Higashi SyndromeDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD266 Myelokathexis in WHIM SyndromeKathryn Foucar, MDCONSTITUTIONAL NEUTROPHIL ANOMALIES270 Pelger-Huët AnomalyKathryn Foucar, MD274 MYH9-Related DisordersDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD278 Selected Lysosomal Storage Diseases With Abnormal Leukocyte GranulationDavid R. Czuchlewski, MDSECTION 6: MEGAKARYOCYTIC DISORDERS286 Overview of Megakaryocytic DisordersKathryn Foucar, MD, Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MDACQUIRED PLATELET DISORDERS WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA296 Immune-Mediated ThrombocytopeniaKristin Hunt Karner, MD302 Hemolytic Uremic SyndromeKristin Hunt Karner, MD308 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH and Evelyn L. Lockhart, MD, MScBMC312 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic PurpuraKristin Hunt Karner, MD, Jay S. Raval, MD, and Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH316 Pregnancy-Associated ThrombocytopeniaKathryn Foucar, MD, Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH, and Evelyn L. Lockhart, MD, MScBMCCONSTITUTIONAL PLATELET DISORDERS WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA320 Thrombocytopenia Absent Radius SyndromeDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD324 Congenital Amegakaryocytic ThrombocytopeniaDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD328 Gray Platelet SyndromeDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD332 Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome-Related DisordersDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD336 Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic PurpuraDavid R. Czuchlewski, MDTHROMBOCYTOSIS340 ThrombocytosisKristin Hunt Karner, MDSECTION 7: INFECTIONS346 Overview of InfectionsCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD and Karissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM)350 Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromeCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD354 Human Immunodeficiency VirusKarissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM) and Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD364 Infectious Mononucleosis Syndromes (Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus)Karissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM) and Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD374 Parvovirus B19 InfectionCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD378 Bacterial Infections, Blood and Bone Marrow FeaturesKarissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM) and Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD388 Fungal Infections, Blood and Bone Marrow FeaturesMohammad A. Vasef, MD394 Helminthic InfectionsCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD and Karissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM)398 MalariaCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD406 Other Protozoan InfectionsKarissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM), Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD412 COVID-19 Infection (SARS-CoV-2)Daniel Babu, MD, Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Karissa Culbreath, PhD, D(ABMM)SECTION 8: MISCELLANEOUS NONNEOPLASTIC DISORDERS AND CONDITIONS418 Overview and Classification of Hemophagocytic Disorders in Bone MarrowMohammad A. Vasef, MD426 Hematologic Manifestations of Collagen Vascular DisordersKristin Hunt Karner, MD432 Hematologic Manifestations of Chronic Kidney DiseaseKathryn Foucar, MD434 Lysosomal Storage Diseases With Predominantly Histiocytic StorageDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD440 Homeopathic Remedies and Medications Affecting Blood and Bone Marrow MorphologyBrittany Coffman, MD and Kathryn Foucar, MD444 Other Pregnancy-Associated Hematologic DisordersKathryn Foucar, MD448 VEXAS SyndromeBrittany Coffman, MD and Kathryn Foucar, MD452 Gelatinous Transformation and Other Bone MarrowStromal DisordersCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD456 Bone Marrow NecrosisKathryn Foucar, MD460 Crystals in Bone MarrowCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD466 Bone Abnormalities in Bone Marrow SpecimensKathryn Foucar, MDSECTION 9: MYELOID NEOPLASMS476 Overview and Classification of Myeloid NeoplasmsKathryn Foucar, MD482 Specialized Testing in Myeloid NeoplasmsDavid R. Czuchlewski, MDMYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS484 Overview of Myeloproliferative NeoplasmsKathryn Foucar, MD488 Chronic Myeloid LeukemiaDaniel Babu, MD, Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD498 Chronic Neutrophilic LeukemiaKathryn Foucar, MD, Devon Chabot-Richards, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD506 Polycythemia VeraMohammad A. Vasef, MD and M. Carmen Frias Kletecka, MD512 Primary MyelofibrosisKathryn Foucar, MD, Daniel Babu, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD522 Essential ThrombocythemiaKathryn Foucar, MD, Daniel Babu, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD530 Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia, Not Otherwise SpecifiedKathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD538 Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, UnclassifiableKathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MDMASTOCYTOSIS544 Systemic MastocytosisMarian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD554 Mast Cell LeukemiaMarian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH, Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MDMYELOID/LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS WITH EOSINOPHILIA AND TYROSINE KINASE GENE FUSIONS562 Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Eosinophilia and PDGFRADavid R. Czuchlewski, MD564 Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Eosinophilia and PDGFRBDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD566 Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Eosinophilia and FGFR1David R. Czuchlewski, MD568 Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Eosinophilia and FLT3 and Other Uncommon Fusion GenesKathryn Foucar, MD and Brittany Coffman, MDMYELODYSPLASTIC/MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS570 Overview of Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative NeoplasmsKathryn Foucar, MD574 Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia and Precursor LesionsDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD578 Atypical Chronic Myeloid LeukemiaQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD582 Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm With and Without SF3B1 Mutation and ThrombocytosisDevon Chabot-Richards, MD586 Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Not Otherwise Specified, and Provisional EntityKathryn Foucar, MDMYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES588 Overview and Classification of Myelodysplastic SyndromesKathryn Foucar, MD598 Myelodysplastic Syndrome Precursor LesionsDevon Chabot-Richards, MD600 Myelodysplastic Syndromes With Mutated SF3B1Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD604 Myelodysplastic Syndrome With del(5q)Marian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD612 Myelodysplastic Syndrome With Multihit TP53 MutationDevon Chabot-Richards, MD614 Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Not Otherwise SpecifiedCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD620 Myelodysplastic Syndromes With Excess BlastsCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD624 Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid LeukemiaKathryn Foucar, MD628 Mimics of MyelodysplasiaQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD and Brittany Coffman, MDHEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASMS WITH GERMLINE PREDISPOSITION, PEDIATRIC MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME, AND JUVENILE MYELOMONOCYTIC LEUKEMIA632 Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia and Similar NeoplasmsDevon Chabot-Richards, MD and Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD636 Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndrome (Refractory Cytopenia of Childhood)Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD642 Hematologic Neoplasms With Germline PredispositionDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD644 Myeloid Proliferations Related to Down SyndromeDavid R. Czuchlewski, MDACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA648 Overview of Acute Myeloid LeukemiaKathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD656 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With t(15;17)(q24.1;q21.2)/PML::RARAMohammad A. Vasef, MD and Kathryn Foucar, MD662 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With Other RARA RearrangementsDevon Chabot-Richards, MD and Kathryn Foucar, MD664 Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21)(q22;q22.1)/RUNX1::RUNX1T1Daniel Babu, MD, Devon Chabot-Richards, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD674 Acute Myeloid Leukemia With inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22)/CBFB::MYH11Daniel Babu, MD, Devon Chabot-Richards, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD682 Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3)/MLLT3::KMT2A and OtherKMT2A RearrangementsDevon Chabot-Richards, MD, Daniel Babu, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD690 Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Mutated TP53Kristin Hunt Karner, MD and Kathryn Foucar, MD694 Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Uncommon Cytogenetic AbnormalitiesDavid R. Czuchlewski, MD698 Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Myelodysplasia-Related Gene Mutations or Cytogenetic AbnormalitiesKathryn Foucar, MD704 Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Not Otherwise SpecifiedQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD and Kathryn Foucar, MD708 Acute Leukemia of Ambiguous LineageMarian Rollins-Raval, MD, MPH, Kathryn Foucar, MD, and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD714 Measurable Residual Disease Testing Strategies inAcute Myeloid LeukemiaBrittany Coffman, MD and Kathryn Foucar, MDBLASTIC PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL NEOPLASM718 Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell NeoplasmDevon Chabot-Richards, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MDSECTION 10: LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS728 Overview of Lymphoid NeoplasmsKathryn Foucar, MD734 Specialized Testing in Lymphoid NeoplasmsBrittany Coffman, MD and Devon Chabot-Richards, MDB-PRECURSOR NEOPLASMS738 B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias: Cytogenetic Subtypes and Not Otherwise Specified (ICC)Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD746 B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, BCR::ABL1-LikeJoanna L. Conant, MD, Devon Chabot-Richards, MD, and Mohammad A. Vasef, MD750 Novel Genetic Subtypes of B-Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaDevon Chabot-Richards, MD754 Measurable Residual Disease Testing Strategies in Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaDavid R. Czuchlewski, MDT-PRECURSOR NEOPLASMS756 T- and NK-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ICC)Mohammad A. Vasef, MD762 Early T-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaDavid R. Czuchlewski, MDMATURE B-CELL NEOPLASMS764 Overview and Classification of Mature B-Cell Leukemias, Immunosecretory NeoplasmsKathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD772 Monoclonal B-Cell LymphocytosisDevon Chabot-Richards, MD776 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic LymphomaKathryn Foucar, MD786 B-Cell Prolymphocytic LeukemiaKathryn Foucar, MD788 Splenic Marginal Zone LymphomaQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD794 Hairy Cell LeukemiaKathryn Foucar, MD804 Splenic B-Cell Leukemia, Hairy Cell Leukemia VariantKathryn Foucar, MD806 Lymphoplasmacytic LymphomaQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD812 ?-Heavy Chain DiseaseKathryn Foucar, MD816 Monoclonal GammopathyCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD822 Multiple MyelomaCarla S. Wilson, MD, PhD834 Burkitt LymphomaQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD842 Mantle Cell Lymphoma in Blood and Bone MarrowDevon Chabot-Richards, MD846 Follicular Lymphoma in Blood and Bone MarrowQian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD850 Marginal Zone Lymphoma in Blood and Bone MarrowDevon Chabot-Richards, MD854 Intravascular Large B-Cell LymphomaMohammad A. Vasef, MD858 Other Large B-Cell Lymphomas in Blood and Bone MarrowMohammad A. Vasef, MDMATURE T-/NK-CELL NEOPLASMS860 Overview and Classification of Mature T-/NK-Cell Neoplasms in Blood and Bone MarrowKathryn Foucar, MD864 T-Cell Prolymphocytic LeukemiaKathryn Foucar, MD870 T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic LeukemiaKathryn Foucar, MD876 Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorder of NK CellsKathryn Foucar, MD878 Aggressive NK-Cell LeukemiaKathryn Foucar, MD882 Adult T-Cell LeukemiaKathryn Foucar, MD884 Sézary SyndromeKathryn Foucar, MD890 Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Blood and Bone MarrowMohammad A. Vasef, MD896 Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma in Blood and Bone MarrowMohammad A. Vasef, MD898 Other Mature T-Cell Lymphomas Involving Blood and Bone MarrowMohammad A. Vasef, MDHODGKIN LYMPHOMA IN BONE MARROW902 Classic Hodgkin and Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant B-Cell Lymphomas in Bone MarrowMohammad A. Vasef, MDSECTION 11: OTHER NEOPLASMS INVOLVING BONE MARROW910 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Bone MarrowMohammad A. Vasef, MD914 Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Bone MarrowMohammad A. Vasef, MD920 Metastatic Carcinoma and SarcomaMohammad A. Vasef, MD