Reinhard Busse is Professor and Head of the Department of Healthcare Management at Berlin University of Technology, Germany.Alexander Geissler is a research fellow in the Department of Health Care Management at Berlin University of Technology, Germany.Wilm Quentin is a research fellow in the Department of Health Care Management at Berlin University of Technology, Germany.Miriam M. Wiley is Professor and Head of the Health Research and Information Division at the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin, Ireland.Series EditorsJosep Figueras is Head of the Secretariat and Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and Head of the European Centre for Health Policy, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Martin McKee is Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and Professor of European Public Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine as well as a co-director of the School’s European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition.

• Part One1. From the origins of DRGs to their implementation in Europe2. Introduction to DRGs in Europe: Common objectives across different hospital systems3. Understanding DRGs and DRG-based hospital payment in Europe4. DRG systems and similar patient classification systems in Europe5. DRGs and cost accounting: Which is driving which?6. DRG-based hospital payment: Intended and unintended consequences7. DRG-based hospital payment and efficiency: Theory, evidence, and challenges8. DRGs and quality: For better or worse?9. Technological innovation in DRG-based hospital payment systems across Europe10. Moving towards transparency, efficiency and quality in hospitals: Conclusions and recommendationsPart Two11. Austria: Inpatient care and the LKF framework12. England: The Healthcare Resource Group system13. France: Implementing Homogeneous Patient Groups in a mixed market14. Germany: Understanding G-DRGs15. Ireland: A review of casemix applications within the acute public hospital system16. NordDRG: The benefits of coordination17. Estonia: Developing NordDRGs within social health insurance18. Finland: DRGs in a decentralized health care system19. Sweden: The history, development and current use of DRGs20. Poland: The Jednorodne Grupy Pacjentów – Polish experiences with DRGs21. Portugal: Results of 25 years of experience with DRGs22. Spain: A case study on diversity of DRG use – The Catalan experience23. The Netherlands: The Diagnose Behandeling Combinaties

Reinhard Busse is Professor and Head of the Department of Healthcare Management at Berlin University of Technology, Germany.Alexander Geissler is a research fellow in the Department of Health Care Management at Berlin University of Technology, Germany.Wilm Quentin is a research fellow in the Department of Health Care Management at Berlin University of Technology, Germany.Miriam M. Wiley is Professor and Head of the Health Research and Information Division at the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin, Ireland.Series EditorsJosep Figueras is Head of the Secretariat and Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and Head of the European Centre for Health Policy, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Martin McKee is Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and Professor of European Public Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine as well as a co-director of the School’s European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition.

• Part One1. From the origins of DRGs to their implementation in Europe2. Introduction to DRGs in Europe: Common objectives across different hospital systems3. Understanding DRGs and DRG-based hospital payment in Europe4. DRG systems and similar patient classification systems in Europe5. DRGs and cost accounting: Which is driving which?6. DRG-based hospital payment: Intended and unintended consequences7. DRG-based hospital payment and efficiency: Theory, evidence, and challenges8. DRGs and quality: For better or worse?9. Technological innovation in DRG-based hospital payment systems across Europe10. Moving towards transparency, efficiency and quality in hospitals: Conclusions and recommendationsPart Two11. Austria: Inpatient care and the LKF framework12. England: The Healthcare Resource Group system13. France: Implementing Homogeneous Patient Groups in a mixed market14. Germany: Understanding G-DRGs15. Ireland: A review of casemix applications within the acute public hospital system16. NordDRG: The benefits of coordination17. Estonia: Developing NordDRGs within social health insurance18. Finland: DRGs in a decentralized health care system19. Sweden: The history, development and current use of DRGs20. Poland: The Jednorodne Grupy Pacjentów – Polish experiences with DRGs21. Portugal: Results of 25 years of experience with DRGs22. Spain: A case study on diversity of DRG use – The Catalan experience23. The Netherlands: The Diagnose Behandeling Combinaties

Reinhard Busse is Professor and Head of the Department of Healthcare Management at Berlin University of Technology, Germany.Alexander Geissler is a research fellow in the Department of Health Care Management at Berlin University of Technology, Germany.Wilm Quentin is a research fellow in the Department of Health Care Management at Berlin University of Technology, Germany.Miriam M. Wiley is Professor and Head of the Health Research and Information Division at the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin, Ireland.Series EditorsJosep Figueras is Head of the Secretariat and Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and Head of the European Centre for Health Policy, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Martin McKee is Research Director of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and Professor of European Public Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine as well as a co-director of the School’s European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition.

• Part One1. From the origins of DRGs to their implementation in Europe2. Introduction to DRGs in Europe: Common objectives across different hospital systems3. Understanding DRGs and DRG-based hospital payment in Europe4. DRG systems and similar patient classification systems in Europe5. DRGs and cost accounting: Which is driving which?6. DRG-based hospital payment: Intended and unintended consequences7. DRG-based hospital payment and efficiency: Theory, evidence, and challenges8. DRGs and quality: For better or worse?9. Technological innovation in DRG-based hospital payment systems across Europe10. Moving towards transparency, efficiency and quality in hospitals: Conclusions and recommendationsPart Two11. Austria: Inpatient care and the LKF framework12. England: The Healthcare Resource Group system13. France: Implementing Homogeneous Patient Groups in a mixed market14. Germany: Understanding G-DRGs15. Ireland: A review of casemix applications within the acute public hospital system16. NordDRG: The benefits of coordination17. Estonia: Developing NordDRGs within social health insurance18. Finland: DRGs in a decentralized health care system19. Sweden: The history, development and current use of DRGs20. Poland: The Jednorodne Grupy Pacjentów – Polish experiences with DRGs21. Portugal: Results of 25 years of experience with DRGs22. Spain: A case study on diversity of DRG use – The Catalan experience23. The Netherlands: The Diagnose Behandeling Combinaties