Randall A. Bluffstone is Professor of Economics and Fellow of the Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Portland State University, USA and Research Associate with the Environment for Development (EfD) programme, administered from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.Elizabeth J.Z. Robinson is Professor of Environmental Economics in the School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, UK, and Research Associate with the Environment for Development (EfD) programme.

"This very readable book looks at different countries’ strategies to use tenure innovations to manage forest resources. An especially interesting contribution is the comparison of China’s privatization of forest rights to the community-based forestry management approach in other developing countries. The book evaluates a variety of outcomes – livelihoods, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration potential – in these different settings. Based on extensive on-the-ground experience, the editors and authors demonstrate valuable insights into the important role of tenure reform in managing forest resources." – Peter Berck, Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Policy, S.J. Hall Professor of Forestry, University of California, Berkeley, USA."This book presents some very interesting and pragmatic insights and recommendations concerning forest-tenure reforms, independent of, or in conjunction with, redd+. It shows that it is essential to consider the impact that policy choices may have on poor and indigenous communities, and to take into account gender issues and involve women in decision-making." – Climate Law, Elizabeth Dooley, Ecologic Institute, Berlin"This volume serves as a well-informed reference for students, researchers, and practitioners to understand forest tenure reforms, its challenges, and its major implications. Overall, it is a very readable, well researched and organized reference on forest tenure reforms and their implications." – Sarah Eissler, Agriculture and Human Values Journal"Forest Tenure Reform in Asia and Africa: local control for improved livelihoods, forest management, and carbon sequestration is a timely contribution to understand these tenure reforms, their strengths and weaknesses in practice, and their implications for the affected livelihoods and environment. Bluffstone and Robinson (editors) bring together a very well-researched and complementary compilation of case studies, empirical research, and theoretical and contextual considerations to inform the topic of global forest tenure reforms, with a particular focus on Asia and Africa. This volume serves as a well-informed reference for students, researchers, and practitioners to understand forest tenure reforms, its challenges, and its major implications. Overall, it is a very readable, well researched and organized reference on forest tenure reforms and their implications." - Sarah Eissler in Agriculture and Human Values (June 2017)

• 1. Introduction: Local Forest Reform - Theory and Experience Randall A. Bluffstone, Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson and Mark Purdon Part 1: Understanding Local Forest Management 2. Understanding Local Forest Tenure Reforms: Section Context and Overview Mark Purdon 3. Collective Forest Tenure Reform in China: An Overview Jintao Xu and William F. Hyde 4. Forest Tenure Reform in Ethiopia Alemu Mekonnen and Randall A. Bluffstone 5. Some Background on Tanzania Forest Policy, Institutions and the Forest Land Tenure System Godius Kahyarara 6. Forest Sector Reforms in Tanzania and Uganda Mark Purdon, Razack B. Lokina and Mohamed Bukenya Part 2: Evaluation of Local Forest Management 7. Local Implications of Local Forest Management: Section Context and Overview Priscilla Cooke St. Claire and Mahesh Poudyal 8. Impact of Forest Management Decentralization on Rural Livelihoods: Evidence from Ethiopia Dambala Gelo and Tekie Alemu 9. Local Forest Management Institutions and Their Role in Conserving Woody Species and Biodiversity: A Case Study in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia Tirhas Mebrahtu and Berhanu Gebremedhin 10. Where to Collect? Community Forest Management and Disadvantaged Households in Nepal Priscilla Cooke St. Claire 11. Local Community Participation under Reformed Forest Management in Kenya: Lessons and Policy Implications Paul Guthiga, Wilfred Nyangena, Ogada Maurice Juma, and Geophrey Sikei 12. Community-Based Leasehold Forestry in Nepal: A Genuine Tenure Reform in Progress? Mahesh Poudyal, Bhim Adhikari, and Jon Lovett Part 3: Extending Local Forest Management to Include REDD+ 13. Extending Local Forest Management to Include REDD+: Section Context and Overview H. Jo Albers 14. REDD+ and Tenure: A Review of the Latest Developments in Research, Implementation and Public Policy Debates Lisa Westholm, Robin Biddulph, Ida Hellmark and Anders Ekbom 15. Will REDD+ be Successful in Tanzania? Practical Issues of REDD+ Implementation Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson, H. Jo Albers, Charles Meshack, and Razack B. Lokina 16. Can Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment of REDD+ Improve Forest Governance? Daniel Slunge, Anders Ekbom, Fernando Loayza, Paul Guthiga, Wilfred Nyangena 17. Conclusion: Directions for Research and Implications for Policy Elizabeth J.Z. Robinson, Randall A. Bluffstone, Jintao Xu and Wilfred Nyangena

Randall A. Bluffstone is Professor of Economics and Fellow of the Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Portland State University, USA and Research Associate with the Environment for Development (EfD) programme, administered from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.Elizabeth J.Z. Robinson is Professor of Environmental Economics in the School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, UK, and Research Associate with the Environment for Development (EfD) programme.

"This very readable book looks at different countries’ strategies to use tenure innovations to manage forest resources. An especially interesting contribution is the comparison of China’s privatization of forest rights to the community-based forestry management approach in other developing countries. The book evaluates a variety of outcomes – livelihoods, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration potential – in these different settings. Based on extensive on-the-ground experience, the editors and authors demonstrate valuable insights into the important role of tenure reform in managing forest resources." – Peter Berck, Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Policy, S.J. Hall Professor of Forestry, University of California, Berkeley, USA."This book presents some very interesting and pragmatic insights and recommendations concerning forest-tenure reforms, independent of, or in conjunction with, redd+. It shows that it is essential to consider the impact that policy choices may have on poor and indigenous communities, and to take into account gender issues and involve women in decision-making." – Climate Law, Elizabeth Dooley, Ecologic Institute, Berlin"This volume serves as a well-informed reference for students, researchers, and practitioners to understand forest tenure reforms, its challenges, and its major implications. Overall, it is a very readable, well researched and organized reference on forest tenure reforms and their implications." – Sarah Eissler, Agriculture and Human Values Journal"Forest Tenure Reform in Asia and Africa: local control for improved livelihoods, forest management, and carbon sequestration is a timely contribution to understand these tenure reforms, their strengths and weaknesses in practice, and their implications for the affected livelihoods and environment. Bluffstone and Robinson (editors) bring together a very well-researched and complementary compilation of case studies, empirical research, and theoretical and contextual considerations to inform the topic of global forest tenure reforms, with a particular focus on Asia and Africa. This volume serves as a well-informed reference for students, researchers, and practitioners to understand forest tenure reforms, its challenges, and its major implications. Overall, it is a very readable, well researched and organized reference on forest tenure reforms and their implications." - Sarah Eissler in Agriculture and Human Values (June 2017)

• 1. Introduction: Local Forest Reform - Theory and Experience Randall A. Bluffstone, Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson and Mark Purdon Part 1: Understanding Local Forest Management 2. Understanding Local Forest Tenure Reforms: Section Context and Overview Mark Purdon 3. Collective Forest Tenure Reform in China: An Overview Jintao Xu and William F. Hyde 4. Forest Tenure Reform in Ethiopia Alemu Mekonnen and Randall A. Bluffstone 5. Some Background on Tanzania Forest Policy, Institutions and the Forest Land Tenure System Godius Kahyarara 6. Forest Sector Reforms in Tanzania and Uganda Mark Purdon, Razack B. Lokina and Mohamed Bukenya Part 2: Evaluation of Local Forest Management 7. Local Implications of Local Forest Management: Section Context and Overview Priscilla Cooke St. Claire and Mahesh Poudyal 8. Impact of Forest Management Decentralization on Rural Livelihoods: Evidence from Ethiopia Dambala Gelo and Tekie Alemu 9. Local Forest Management Institutions and Their Role in Conserving Woody Species and Biodiversity: A Case Study in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia Tirhas Mebrahtu and Berhanu Gebremedhin 10. Where to Collect? Community Forest Management and Disadvantaged Households in Nepal Priscilla Cooke St. Claire 11. Local Community Participation under Reformed Forest Management in Kenya: Lessons and Policy Implications Paul Guthiga, Wilfred Nyangena, Ogada Maurice Juma, and Geophrey Sikei 12. Community-Based Leasehold Forestry in Nepal: A Genuine Tenure Reform in Progress? Mahesh Poudyal, Bhim Adhikari, and Jon Lovett Part 3: Extending Local Forest Management to Include REDD+ 13. Extending Local Forest Management to Include REDD+: Section Context and Overview H. Jo Albers 14. REDD+ and Tenure: A Review of the Latest Developments in Research, Implementation and Public Policy Debates Lisa Westholm, Robin Biddulph, Ida Hellmark and Anders Ekbom 15. Will REDD+ be Successful in Tanzania? Practical Issues of REDD+ Implementation Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson, H. Jo Albers, Charles Meshack, and Razack B. Lokina 16. Can Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment of REDD+ Improve Forest Governance? Daniel Slunge, Anders Ekbom, Fernando Loayza, Paul Guthiga, Wilfred Nyangena 17. Conclusion: Directions for Research and Implications for Policy Elizabeth J.Z. Robinson, Randall A. Bluffstone, Jintao Xu and Wilfred Nyangena

Randall A. Bluffstone is Professor of Economics and Fellow of the Institute for Sustainable Solutions, Portland State University, USA and Research Associate with the Environment for Development (EfD) programme, administered from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.Elizabeth J.Z. Robinson is Professor of Environmental Economics in the School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, UK, and Research Associate with the Environment for Development (EfD) programme.

"This very readable book looks at different countries’ strategies to use tenure innovations to manage forest resources. An especially interesting contribution is the comparison of China’s privatization of forest rights to the community-based forestry management approach in other developing countries. The book evaluates a variety of outcomes – livelihoods, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration potential – in these different settings. Based on extensive on-the-ground experience, the editors and authors demonstrate valuable insights into the important role of tenure reform in managing forest resources." – Peter Berck, Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Policy, S.J. Hall Professor of Forestry, University of California, Berkeley, USA."This book presents some very interesting and pragmatic insights and recommendations concerning forest-tenure reforms, independent of, or in conjunction with, redd+. It shows that it is essential to consider the impact that policy choices may have on poor and indigenous communities, and to take into account gender issues and involve women in decision-making." – Climate Law, Elizabeth Dooley, Ecologic Institute, Berlin"This volume serves as a well-informed reference for students, researchers, and practitioners to understand forest tenure reforms, its challenges, and its major implications. Overall, it is a very readable, well researched and organized reference on forest tenure reforms and their implications." – Sarah Eissler, Agriculture and Human Values Journal"Forest Tenure Reform in Asia and Africa: local control for improved livelihoods, forest management, and carbon sequestration is a timely contribution to understand these tenure reforms, their strengths and weaknesses in practice, and their implications for the affected livelihoods and environment. Bluffstone and Robinson (editors) bring together a very well-researched and complementary compilation of case studies, empirical research, and theoretical and contextual considerations to inform the topic of global forest tenure reforms, with a particular focus on Asia and Africa. This volume serves as a well-informed reference for students, researchers, and practitioners to understand forest tenure reforms, its challenges, and its major implications. Overall, it is a very readable, well researched and organized reference on forest tenure reforms and their implications." - Sarah Eissler in Agriculture and Human Values (June 2017)

• 1. Introduction: Local Forest Reform - Theory and Experience Randall A. Bluffstone, Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson and Mark Purdon Part 1: Understanding Local Forest Management 2. Understanding Local Forest Tenure Reforms: Section Context and Overview Mark Purdon 3. Collective Forest Tenure Reform in China: An Overview Jintao Xu and William F. Hyde 4. Forest Tenure Reform in Ethiopia Alemu Mekonnen and Randall A. Bluffstone 5. Some Background on Tanzania Forest Policy, Institutions and the Forest Land Tenure System Godius Kahyarara 6. Forest Sector Reforms in Tanzania and Uganda Mark Purdon, Razack B. Lokina and Mohamed Bukenya Part 2: Evaluation of Local Forest Management 7. Local Implications of Local Forest Management: Section Context and Overview Priscilla Cooke St. Claire and Mahesh Poudyal 8. Impact of Forest Management Decentralization on Rural Livelihoods: Evidence from Ethiopia Dambala Gelo and Tekie Alemu 9. Local Forest Management Institutions and Their Role in Conserving Woody Species and Biodiversity: A Case Study in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia Tirhas Mebrahtu and Berhanu Gebremedhin 10. Where to Collect? Community Forest Management and Disadvantaged Households in Nepal Priscilla Cooke St. Claire 11. Local Community Participation under Reformed Forest Management in Kenya: Lessons and Policy Implications Paul Guthiga, Wilfred Nyangena, Ogada Maurice Juma, and Geophrey Sikei 12. Community-Based Leasehold Forestry in Nepal: A Genuine Tenure Reform in Progress? Mahesh Poudyal, Bhim Adhikari, and Jon Lovett Part 3: Extending Local Forest Management to Include REDD+ 13. Extending Local Forest Management to Include REDD+: Section Context and Overview H. Jo Albers 14. REDD+ and Tenure: A Review of the Latest Developments in Research, Implementation and Public Policy Debates Lisa Westholm, Robin Biddulph, Ida Hellmark and Anders Ekbom 15. Will REDD+ be Successful in Tanzania? Practical Issues of REDD+ Implementation Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson, H. Jo Albers, Charles Meshack, and Razack B. Lokina 16. Can Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment of REDD+ Improve Forest Governance? Daniel Slunge, Anders Ekbom, Fernando Loayza, Paul Guthiga, Wilfred Nyangena 17. Conclusion: Directions for Research and Implications for Policy Elizabeth J.Z. Robinson, Randall A. Bluffstone, Jintao Xu and Wilfred Nyangena