Adrian Tait is a UK-based independent scholar and ecocritic with a particular interest in Victorian literary responses to the impact of industrial modernity, and its relationship to questions of environmental and ecological injustice.

• Introduction: The Victorian experience of environmental injustice 1. Thomas Carlyle’s ‘Condition-of-England Question’ 2. Friedrich Engels, environmental classism, and ‘social murder’ 3. Environmental determinism and the Chartist counter-narrative 4. Seeking justice in Charles Dickens’s Bleak House 5. Beyond class, gender, species? Charles Dickens’s Hard Times 6. John Ruskin’s Unto this Last: Towards a ‘deeper felicity’ Conclusion: Looking forward

Adrian Tait is a UK-based independent scholar and ecocritic with a particular interest in Victorian literary responses to the impact of industrial modernity, and its relationship to questions of environmental and ecological injustice.

• Introduction: The Victorian experience of environmental injustice 1. Thomas Carlyle’s ‘Condition-of-England Question’ 2. Friedrich Engels, environmental classism, and ‘social murder’ 3. Environmental determinism and the Chartist counter-narrative 4. Seeking justice in Charles Dickens’s Bleak House 5. Beyond class, gender, species? Charles Dickens’s Hard Times 6. John Ruskin’s Unto this Last: Towards a ‘deeper felicity’ Conclusion: Looking forward

Adrian Tait is a UK-based independent scholar and ecocritic with a particular interest in Victorian literary responses to the impact of industrial modernity, and its relationship to questions of environmental and ecological injustice.

• Introduction: The Victorian experience of environmental injustice 1. Thomas Carlyle’s ‘Condition-of-England Question’ 2. Friedrich Engels, environmental classism, and ‘social murder’ 3. Environmental determinism and the Chartist counter-narrative 4. Seeking justice in Charles Dickens’s Bleak House 5. Beyond class, gender, species? Charles Dickens’s Hard Times 6. John Ruskin’s Unto this Last: Towards a ‘deeper felicity’ Conclusion: Looking forward