Global Governance, Human Rights and International Law

Errol P. Mendes is a lawyer, author, professor, and has been an advisor to governments, corporations, civil society groups, and the United Nations in the areas of international law human rights, and global governance. He is the author and/or editor of eleven books dealing with the subjects as diverse as global governance, international human rights, labour standards, the International Criminal Court, and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. He has also served as a Visiting Professional at the International Criminal Court in 2009. He was appointed as a Visiting Fellow at Harvard Law School in 2013 and a Visiting Scholar at Oxford University in 2021. He is a full professor of law at the University of Ottawa and President of the International Commission of Jurists, Canada.

• CHAPTER 1 Combating the tragic flaw in the UN The contested history of sovereignty and the promise of the Atlantic Charter Birth of the United Nations: One step forward, two steps back The evolution of the International Bill of Rights: rekindling the age of hope U.N. legal standard-setting in human rights: more law, but less moral force Genocide, the Cold War and complicity: the age of hypocrisy The regional human rights regime in Europe: is the wait for justice over for Europe and is it a model for the rest of the world? The regional human rights system in the Americas Human rights regional mechanisms in the Asia-Pacific regions The African human rights system After the Cold War: the era of television wars, genocides and virtual guilt The Kosovo crisis, universal jurisdiction and the International Criminal Court: turning points in the hold of the tragic flaw? Universal jurisdiction; a success or failure in reducing the hold of the tragic flaw? The International Criminal Court; sovereign powers uniting in the fight against impunity for the most serious international crimes. The responsibility to protect and the protection of civilians; the new normative core of sovereignty as the legitimate exercise of power? Conclusion: A Hegelian dialectic on the road to global justice and human right? The "war on terror" and a re-invigorated tragic flaw Seeking justice in global trade and economy2.1 The evolution of the world trade regime; another area of global governance, another tragic flaw.2.2 Who and what killed the Doha Development Round?2.3 The global trade regime; can it assist in promoting human rights and justice for the global labour force?2.3.1 Debating the duty to promote justice and fairness for the global labour force between the WTO and the ILO2.3.2 The ILO attempts to strengthen justice and fairness for the global labour force2.3.3 Searching for the original vision of justice and human rights for global labour in the ITO; Can labour standards provisions in bilateral free trade agreements play a part?2.4 In the long term do we survive? Trading off the environment.2.5. Conclusion: solving the democratic deficit: a critical part of the long term solution2.6 The evolution and failures of the global financial system: a growing tragic flaw that undermines fundamental principles of justice and human rights2.6.1 The Bretton Woods System: the global financial system counterpart of the Atlantic Charter2.6.2 The financial tragic flaw undermines the Bretton Woods vision2.6.3 The tragic flaws in the Bretton Woods system triggers recurrent global financial crises and the urgent reforms to combat the tragic flaws2.7. Conclusion: massive winners that thrive on the tragic flaws drive massive inequality and instability in the global trade and financial systems Corporate power and human rights The transformation of global economic power: in search of power with responsibility.3.2 Case studies where corporate power is exercised without responsibility3.2.1 Corruption3.2.2 The health and safety of local communities: Bophal almost half a century later as a case study.3.2.3 The environmental impact of corporate activities: The failed $9.5 billion claim for damages against Texaco/Chevron for environmental damage in Ecuador3.2.4 The human rights impact of global private sector activities; a case study of Shell in Nigeria3.3 The abuse of corporate Power: a direct or indirect role for international law?3.4 Moving from the absence of hard law to soft law: the Ruggie Framework3.4.1 The state’s duty to protect3.4.2 The corporate responsibility to respect3.4.3 Access to an effective remedy3.5 Human rights and corporate social responsibility in the global economy3.5.1 Corporate codes3.5.2 Sectorial and industry-wide initiatives (involving coalitions from civil society, states and the private sector)3.5.3 Multi-stakeholder transnational Initiatives3.5.4 Global guidelines, standards and initiatives for corporate social responsibilities3.5.5 Initiatives by multilateral organizations3.6 The international legal duties of corporate officials and the global MNEs.3.7. Conclusion; The MNE as the main beneficiary of globalization and global governance: why the gap between power and responsibility must be bridged 4. The foundations of global pluralism as the next stage of global governance