Dr. Lauren R. Shapiro is an Associate Professor at the John Jay College in New York. She has degrees in Psychology (B.A., M.S., Ph.D.) and Criminal Justice (M.S. specializing in Law Enforcement); postdoctoral research (Fellow in the Carolina Consortium on Human Development at UNC/CH; Associate and Project Coordinator at Rutgers University); and legal work experience (Extern with the Honorable Ralph Erickson in the U.S. District Court of North Dakota; Intern with the Fargo North Dakota Police Department). Dr. Shapiro focuses on physical security, cybersecurity, and private investigation. She co-authored, Multidisciplinary Investigation of Child Maltreatment (Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2016), and co-edited, Encyclopedia of Security and Emergency Management (Springer, 2021), with Dr. Marie-Helen Maras.

• 1: Introduction: The Internet as a Criminal Enabler 2: Online Romance Scammers 3: Online Swatters 4: Internet Trolls 5: Cyberstalkers 6: Cyberbullies and Cyber Harassers 7: Minor Online Sexual Activity Offenders 8: Online Domestic Commercial Sexual Traffickers 9: Online Child Sexual Abuse Material Offenders 10: Cyber Sextortionists 11: Image-Based Sexual Abusers 12: Combatting Cyberpredators Through Education

Dr. Lauren R. Shapiro is an Associate Professor at the John Jay College in New York. She has degrees in Psychology (B.A., M.S., Ph.D.) and Criminal Justice (M.S. specializing in Law Enforcement); postdoctoral research (Fellow in the Carolina Consortium on Human Development at UNC/CH; Associate and Project Coordinator at Rutgers University); and legal work experience (Extern with the Honorable Ralph Erickson in the U.S. District Court of North Dakota; Intern with the Fargo North Dakota Police Department). Dr. Shapiro focuses on physical security, cybersecurity, and private investigation. She co-authored, Multidisciplinary Investigation of Child Maltreatment (Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2016), and co-edited, Encyclopedia of Security and Emergency Management (Springer, 2021), with Dr. Marie-Helen Maras.

• 1: Introduction: The Internet as a Criminal Enabler 2: Online Romance Scammers 3: Online Swatters 4: Internet Trolls 5: Cyberstalkers 6: Cyberbullies and Cyber Harassers 7: Minor Online Sexual Activity Offenders 8: Online Domestic Commercial Sexual Traffickers 9: Online Child Sexual Abuse Material Offenders 10: Cyber Sextortionists 11: Image-Based Sexual Abusers 12: Combatting Cyberpredators Through Education

Dr. Lauren R. Shapiro is an Associate Professor at the John Jay College in New York. She has degrees in Psychology (B.A., M.S., Ph.D.) and Criminal Justice (M.S. specializing in Law Enforcement); postdoctoral research (Fellow in the Carolina Consortium on Human Development at UNC/CH; Associate and Project Coordinator at Rutgers University); and legal work experience (Extern with the Honorable Ralph Erickson in the U.S. District Court of North Dakota; Intern with the Fargo North Dakota Police Department). Dr. Shapiro focuses on physical security, cybersecurity, and private investigation. She co-authored, Multidisciplinary Investigation of Child Maltreatment (Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2016), and co-edited, Encyclopedia of Security and Emergency Management (Springer, 2021), with Dr. Marie-Helen Maras.

• 1: Introduction: The Internet as a Criminal Enabler 2: Online Romance Scammers 3: Online Swatters 4: Internet Trolls 5: Cyberstalkers 6: Cyberbullies and Cyber Harassers 7: Minor Online Sexual Activity Offenders 8: Online Domestic Commercial Sexual Traffickers 9: Online Child Sexual Abuse Material Offenders 10: Cyber Sextortionists 11: Image-Based Sexual Abusers 12: Combatting Cyberpredators Through Education