Hwok-Aun Lee is Senior Fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore.

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• 1. Preference for Parity: Purposes, Contexts and Instruments of Affirmative Action Part 1 Theoretical and Historical Underpinnings 2. Concepts, Complexities, Contentions 3. Policy Regimes: A Study in Contrasts Part 2 Affirmative Action in Practice: Quotas, Codes and Preferences 4. Affirmative Action Pillars and Programmes: Malaysia 5. Affirmative Action Pillars and Programmes: South Africa Part 3 Policy Achievements and Reforms: Progress, Shortfalls and Prospects 6. Empirical Literature and Analytical Framework 7. Affirmative Action Outcomes in Malaysia 8. Affirmative Action Outcomes in South Africa 9. Taking Stock and Looking Ahead. Bibliography

Hwok-Aun Lee is Senior Fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore.

Select Guide Rating

• 1. Preference for Parity: Purposes, Contexts and Instruments of Affirmative Action Part 1 Theoretical and Historical Underpinnings 2. Concepts, Complexities, Contentions 3. Policy Regimes: A Study in Contrasts Part 2 Affirmative Action in Practice: Quotas, Codes and Preferences 4. Affirmative Action Pillars and Programmes: Malaysia 5. Affirmative Action Pillars and Programmes: South Africa Part 3 Policy Achievements and Reforms: Progress, Shortfalls and Prospects 6. Empirical Literature and Analytical Framework 7. Affirmative Action Outcomes in Malaysia 8. Affirmative Action Outcomes in South Africa 9. Taking Stock and Looking Ahead. Bibliography

Hwok-Aun Lee is Senior Fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore.

Select Guide Rating

• 1. Preference for Parity: Purposes, Contexts and Instruments of Affirmative Action Part 1 Theoretical and Historical Underpinnings 2. Concepts, Complexities, Contentions 3. Policy Regimes: A Study in Contrasts Part 2 Affirmative Action in Practice: Quotas, Codes and Preferences 4. Affirmative Action Pillars and Programmes: Malaysia 5. Affirmative Action Pillars and Programmes: South Africa Part 3 Policy Achievements and Reforms: Progress, Shortfalls and Prospects 6. Empirical Literature and Analytical Framework 7. Affirmative Action Outcomes in Malaysia 8. Affirmative Action Outcomes in South Africa 9. Taking Stock and Looking Ahead. Bibliography