Mayumi Ohara obtained her doctorate at the University of Technology Sydney.John Buchanan is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Technology Sydney.

• List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations PART 1: ContextChapter 1 The Scope of this Book Chapter 2 Setting the Scene PART 2: Historical BackgroundChapter 3 History of Foreign Language Education in Japan Chapter 4 Exploring the Historical Literature (1) Chapter 5 Exploring the Historical Literature (2) Chapter 6 Data Sources, Collection and Analysis PART 3: Interviews and Their ImplicationsChapter 7 The Interviews: What We Learned Chapter 8 Concluding Thoughts Appendix A Examples of Publications Appendix B School Systems Appendix C Lists of Japanese Names Translated into English Appendix D The Locations of the Middle Level Schools Attended by Participants (Except for Yoko) as well as Other Places Referred in the Book. Appendix E Summary of Warfare Between the Manchurian Incident and the Pacific War Appendix F Political Occurrences and the Periods of the Participants’ Middle-level Schooling Appendix G The Numbers of English Majors in Hiroshima Arts and Sciences University and Hiroshima Higher Normal School Appendix H Employment of Foreign Teachers Appendix I Information on the Participants (Age Order) Appendix J Sample Interview Questions Appendix K The Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan Glossary Bibliography Index

Mayumi Ohara obtained her doctorate at the University of Technology Sydney.John Buchanan is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Technology Sydney.

• List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations PART 1: ContextChapter 1 The Scope of this Book Chapter 2 Setting the Scene PART 2: Historical BackgroundChapter 3 History of Foreign Language Education in Japan Chapter 4 Exploring the Historical Literature (1) Chapter 5 Exploring the Historical Literature (2) Chapter 6 Data Sources, Collection and Analysis PART 3: Interviews and Their ImplicationsChapter 7 The Interviews: What We Learned Chapter 8 Concluding Thoughts Appendix A Examples of Publications Appendix B School Systems Appendix C Lists of Japanese Names Translated into English Appendix D The Locations of the Middle Level Schools Attended by Participants (Except for Yoko) as well as Other Places Referred in the Book. Appendix E Summary of Warfare Between the Manchurian Incident and the Pacific War Appendix F Political Occurrences and the Periods of the Participants’ Middle-level Schooling Appendix G The Numbers of English Majors in Hiroshima Arts and Sciences University and Hiroshima Higher Normal School Appendix H Employment of Foreign Teachers Appendix I Information on the Participants (Age Order) Appendix J Sample Interview Questions Appendix K The Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan Glossary Bibliography Index

Mayumi Ohara obtained her doctorate at the University of Technology Sydney.John Buchanan is an Associate Professor of Education at the University of Technology Sydney.

• List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations PART 1: ContextChapter 1 The Scope of this Book Chapter 2 Setting the Scene PART 2: Historical BackgroundChapter 3 History of Foreign Language Education in Japan Chapter 4 Exploring the Historical Literature (1) Chapter 5 Exploring the Historical Literature (2) Chapter 6 Data Sources, Collection and Analysis PART 3: Interviews and Their ImplicationsChapter 7 The Interviews: What We Learned Chapter 8 Concluding Thoughts Appendix A Examples of Publications Appendix B School Systems Appendix C Lists of Japanese Names Translated into English Appendix D The Locations of the Middle Level Schools Attended by Participants (Except for Yoko) as well as Other Places Referred in the Book. Appendix E Summary of Warfare Between the Manchurian Incident and the Pacific War Appendix F Political Occurrences and the Periods of the Participants’ Middle-level Schooling Appendix G The Numbers of English Majors in Hiroshima Arts and Sciences University and Hiroshima Higher Normal School Appendix H Employment of Foreign Teachers Appendix I Information on the Participants (Age Order) Appendix J Sample Interview Questions Appendix K The Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan Glossary Bibliography Index