Amit Ray is a Captain serving in the Indian Navy and a Naval Architect by specialisation. He has been involved in repairs, construction, design, and trials of a variety of submarines for over two decades. His academic qualifications include M.Tech. (ocean engineering and naval architecture) from IIT Kharagpur, M.Phil. (defence and strategic studies) from Mumbai University, and Ph.D. (submarine hydrodynamics) from IIT Delhi, India. He has authored more than 30 technical papers. His awards include the Director’s Gold Medal of IIT Kharagpur, India (2006) and Medal of Distinction from the Royal Institution of Naval Architects, UK (2010).

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• 1. Introduction 2. China’s nuclear doctrine and role of SSBNs 3. Chinese SSBN development 4. SSBN readiness and deployment 5. Future outlook 6. Ramifications for the Indo-Pacific 7. Conclusion

Amit Ray is a Captain serving in the Indian Navy and a Naval Architect by specialisation. He has been involved in repairs, construction, design, and trials of a variety of submarines for over two decades. His academic qualifications include M.Tech. (ocean engineering and naval architecture) from IIT Kharagpur, M.Phil. (defence and strategic studies) from Mumbai University, and Ph.D. (submarine hydrodynamics) from IIT Delhi, India. He has authored more than 30 technical papers. His awards include the Director’s Gold Medal of IIT Kharagpur, India (2006) and Medal of Distinction from the Royal Institution of Naval Architects, UK (2010).

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• 1. Introduction 2. China’s nuclear doctrine and role of SSBNs 3. Chinese SSBN development 4. SSBN readiness and deployment 5. Future outlook 6. Ramifications for the Indo-Pacific 7. Conclusion

Amit Ray is a Captain serving in the Indian Navy and a Naval Architect by specialisation. He has been involved in repairs, construction, design, and trials of a variety of submarines for over two decades. His academic qualifications include M.Tech. (ocean engineering and naval architecture) from IIT Kharagpur, M.Phil. (defence and strategic studies) from Mumbai University, and Ph.D. (submarine hydrodynamics) from IIT Delhi, India. He has authored more than 30 technical papers. His awards include the Director’s Gold Medal of IIT Kharagpur, India (2006) and Medal of Distinction from the Royal Institution of Naval Architects, UK (2010).

Select Guide Rating

• 1. Introduction 2. China’s nuclear doctrine and role of SSBNs 3. Chinese SSBN development 4. SSBN readiness and deployment 5. Future outlook 6. Ramifications for the Indo-Pacific 7. Conclusion