Alain Alcouffe is Professor Emeritus at Toulouse University, France. He has published many articles and book chapters on industrial and regional economics, economics of knowledge, economics of education, and the history of economic thought. He has served as head of Toulouse University Network (2001–2005) and president of the International Walras Association (2013–2015).Maurice Baslé is Emeritus Professor at University of Rennes 1, France, and an active researcher at the CNRS. He has published two textbooks and numerous articles on the history of economic thought and holds a Jean Monnet ad personam chair in European integration. He continuously searches for improvements in Public Policy Evaluation Methods and Public Finance. He promotes the digital revolution in public service.Monika Poettinger teaches economic history and history of economic thought at Bocconi University, Milan, Italy. She has published many articles and book chapters on the industrialization process in Italy, merchant networks and German entrepreneurial migrations. Her research interests include economic and cultural history, particularly in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

• PART I Developments in business cycle theory 1 Business cycles without periodicity? BERTRAM SCHEFOLD 2 Business cycle to 2008’s crisis: how system dynamics can help the economists to understand financial crisis ARNAUD DIEMER PART II Monetary and fiscal policies: crisis and change 3 Changes in the ECB monetary policy approach during the crisis ANTONIO FORTE 4 From 1980s onwards, new emerging forms of money facing monetary theory: A revolution or evolution? NICOLAS BARBAROUX 5 The limitations of national budgetary deficits and other Eurozone rules: the near-failures of their implementation and the excessive delays (20 years) in the introduction of a European budgetary stabilization mechanism MAURICE BASLÉ 6 Social spending as a driver of economic growth: has the theoretical consensus of the 1980s led to successful economic policies? SANDRINE MICHEL PART III Economic thought and political confrontation 7 The influence of ordoliberalism in the European integration processes, with the Eurozone crisis as a case PETER NEDERGAARD 8 The evolution of the international monetary and financial system: were French views determinant? ALAIN ALCOUFFE AND FANNY COULOMB 9 Economic culture and the role of economists: the crisis on European newspapers (2008–2013) MONIKA POETTINGER

Alain Alcouffe is Professor Emeritus at Toulouse University, France. He has published many articles and book chapters on industrial and regional economics, economics of knowledge, economics of education, and the history of economic thought. He has served as head of Toulouse University Network (2001–2005) and president of the International Walras Association (2013–2015).Maurice Baslé is Emeritus Professor at University of Rennes 1, France, and an active researcher at the CNRS. He has published two textbooks and numerous articles on the history of economic thought and holds a Jean Monnet ad personam chair in European integration. He continuously searches for improvements in Public Policy Evaluation Methods and Public Finance. He promotes the digital revolution in public service.Monika Poettinger teaches economic history and history of economic thought at Bocconi University, Milan, Italy. She has published many articles and book chapters on the industrialization process in Italy, merchant networks and German entrepreneurial migrations. Her research interests include economic and cultural history, particularly in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

• PART I Developments in business cycle theory 1 Business cycles without periodicity? BERTRAM SCHEFOLD 2 Business cycle to 2008’s crisis: how system dynamics can help the economists to understand financial crisis ARNAUD DIEMER PART II Monetary and fiscal policies: crisis and change 3 Changes in the ECB monetary policy approach during the crisis ANTONIO FORTE 4 From 1980s onwards, new emerging forms of money facing monetary theory: A revolution or evolution? NICOLAS BARBAROUX 5 The limitations of national budgetary deficits and other Eurozone rules: the near-failures of their implementation and the excessive delays (20 years) in the introduction of a European budgetary stabilization mechanism MAURICE BASLÉ 6 Social spending as a driver of economic growth: has the theoretical consensus of the 1980s led to successful economic policies? SANDRINE MICHEL PART III Economic thought and political confrontation 7 The influence of ordoliberalism in the European integration processes, with the Eurozone crisis as a case PETER NEDERGAARD 8 The evolution of the international monetary and financial system: were French views determinant? ALAIN ALCOUFFE AND FANNY COULOMB 9 Economic culture and the role of economists: the crisis on European newspapers (2008–2013) MONIKA POETTINGER

Alain Alcouffe is Professor Emeritus at Toulouse University, France. He has published many articles and book chapters on industrial and regional economics, economics of knowledge, economics of education, and the history of economic thought. He has served as head of Toulouse University Network (2001–2005) and president of the International Walras Association (2013–2015).Maurice Baslé is Emeritus Professor at University of Rennes 1, France, and an active researcher at the CNRS. He has published two textbooks and numerous articles on the history of economic thought and holds a Jean Monnet ad personam chair in European integration. He continuously searches for improvements in Public Policy Evaluation Methods and Public Finance. He promotes the digital revolution in public service.Monika Poettinger teaches economic history and history of economic thought at Bocconi University, Milan, Italy. She has published many articles and book chapters on the industrialization process in Italy, merchant networks and German entrepreneurial migrations. Her research interests include economic and cultural history, particularly in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

• PART I Developments in business cycle theory 1 Business cycles without periodicity? BERTRAM SCHEFOLD 2 Business cycle to 2008’s crisis: how system dynamics can help the economists to understand financial crisis ARNAUD DIEMER PART II Monetary and fiscal policies: crisis and change 3 Changes in the ECB monetary policy approach during the crisis ANTONIO FORTE 4 From 1980s onwards, new emerging forms of money facing monetary theory: A revolution or evolution? NICOLAS BARBAROUX 5 The limitations of national budgetary deficits and other Eurozone rules: the near-failures of their implementation and the excessive delays (20 years) in the introduction of a European budgetary stabilization mechanism MAURICE BASLÉ 6 Social spending as a driver of economic growth: has the theoretical consensus of the 1980s led to successful economic policies? SANDRINE MICHEL PART III Economic thought and political confrontation 7 The influence of ordoliberalism in the European integration processes, with the Eurozone crisis as a case PETER NEDERGAARD 8 The evolution of the international monetary and financial system: were French views determinant? ALAIN ALCOUFFE AND FANNY COULOMB 9 Economic culture and the role of economists: the crisis on European newspapers (2008–2013) MONIKA POETTINGER