Jonathan Steinberg is University Lecturer, Fellow and Director of Studies in History at Trinity All, Cambridge.

`... a fine book [on] one of the most compelling but least explained chapters in the history of the Holocaust ... marked by careful research and thoughtful analysis' - Times Literary Supplement

• List of maps and documents; The Problem 1 Part I The Events PHASE ONE UNSYSTEMATIC MURDER: WAR IN THE BALKANS APRIL 1941 TO JUNE 1942; PHASE TWO SYSTEMATIC MURDER: THE ITALIANS OBSTRUCT THE FINAL SOLUTION JUNE 1942 TO NOVEMBER 1942; PHASE THREE THE NET WIDENS: THE ITALIANS DEFEND JEWS IN GREECE AND FRANCE NOVEMBER 1942 TO JULY 1943; THE LAST ACT THE FALL OF FASCISM TO THE ARMISTICE 25 JULY 1943 TO 8 SEPTEMBER 1943; Part II Explanations 1 THE MATRIX OF VIRTUE AND VICE 2 TWO TYPES OF CHARISMA 3 THE TWO ARMIES 4 GERMANS, ITALIANS AND JEWS Conclusion