Martin Polley is a senior lecturer in history at King Alfred’s College, Winchester, and author of Moving the Goalposts: A History of Sport and Society since 1945 (Routledge, 1998).

'A-Z of Modern Europe is a succinct guide to the major issues and personalities of the past 200 years of European history. It is thoroughly cross-referenced and will surely prove indispensable' - Ruth Henig, University of Lancaster'Students will find this a lucid and reliable source of essential information.' - Patricia Clavin, Keele University

• Acknowledgements; Introduction; Note on names; Further reading; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; Inter-European Imperialism; Extra-European Imperialism; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; Q; R; France; Belgium; German States; Poland; Italian States; France; Italian States; Austria; Hungary; German States; Ussr; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Romania; S; T; U; V; W; Y; Z; Appendix European monarchs, 1789–1999;

Martin Polley is a senior lecturer in history at King Alfred’s College, Winchester, and author of Moving the Goalposts: A History of Sport and Society since 1945 (Routledge, 1998).

'A-Z of Modern Europe is a succinct guide to the major issues and personalities of the past 200 years of European history. It is thoroughly cross-referenced and will surely prove indispensable' - Ruth Henig, University of Lancaster'Students will find this a lucid and reliable source of essential information.' - Patricia Clavin, Keele University

• Acknowledgements; Introduction; Note on names; Further reading; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; Inter-European Imperialism; Extra-European Imperialism; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; Q; R; France; Belgium; German States; Poland; Italian States; France; Italian States; Austria; Hungary; German States; Ussr; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Romania; S; T; U; V; W; Y; Z; Appendix European monarchs, 1789–1999;

Martin Polley is a senior lecturer in history at King Alfred’s College, Winchester, and author of Moving the Goalposts: A History of Sport and Society since 1945 (Routledge, 1998).

'A-Z of Modern Europe is a succinct guide to the major issues and personalities of the past 200 years of European history. It is thoroughly cross-referenced and will surely prove indispensable' - Ruth Henig, University of Lancaster'Students will find this a lucid and reliable source of essential information.' - Patricia Clavin, Keele University

• Acknowledgements; Introduction; Note on names; Further reading; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; Inter-European Imperialism; Extra-European Imperialism; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; Q; R; France; Belgium; German States; Poland; Italian States; France; Italian States; Austria; Hungary; German States; Ussr; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Romania; S; T; U; V; W; Y; Z; Appendix European monarchs, 1789–1999;