Seyed Mohammad Ali Taghavi completed his PhD in Political Theory at the University of Hull, after obtaining BA and MA degrees in Politics at the University of Tehran. His research interests include political theory, cultural difference, and politics and society in the Middle East.

• Introduction Part 1 The Socialist Theists 1. History 2. Reforming Islamic Thought: Reconciling Islam and Socialism 3. The Methodology of Reforming Islamic Thought 4. The Historical and Intellectual Context of the Formation of the Socialist Theists' Views Conclusion Part 2 The Iran Freedom Movement 5. History 6. A New Approach to Islam: A Worldly Islam 7. The Methodology of Working Out the New Approach 8. Formative Factors in Bazargan's Approach to Islam Conclusion Part 3 The Society of the Devotees of Islam 9. History 10. A Militant Approach to Islam 11. Social and Political Factors Influencing Fada'iyan's Thought Conclusion Conclusion Afterword Glossary

Seyed Mohammad Ali Taghavi completed his PhD in Political Theory at the University of Hull, after obtaining BA and MA degrees in Politics at the University of Tehran. His research interests include political theory, cultural difference, and politics and society in the Middle East.

• Introduction Part 1 The Socialist Theists 1. History 2. Reforming Islamic Thought: Reconciling Islam and Socialism 3. The Methodology of Reforming Islamic Thought 4. The Historical and Intellectual Context of the Formation of the Socialist Theists' Views Conclusion Part 2 The Iran Freedom Movement 5. History 6. A New Approach to Islam: A Worldly Islam 7. The Methodology of Working Out the New Approach 8. Formative Factors in Bazargan's Approach to Islam Conclusion Part 3 The Society of the Devotees of Islam 9. History 10. A Militant Approach to Islam 11. Social and Political Factors Influencing Fada'iyan's Thought Conclusion Conclusion Afterword Glossary

Seyed Mohammad Ali Taghavi completed his PhD in Political Theory at the University of Hull, after obtaining BA and MA degrees in Politics at the University of Tehran. His research interests include political theory, cultural difference, and politics and society in the Middle East.

• Introduction Part 1 The Socialist Theists 1. History 2. Reforming Islamic Thought: Reconciling Islam and Socialism 3. The Methodology of Reforming Islamic Thought 4. The Historical and Intellectual Context of the Formation of the Socialist Theists' Views Conclusion Part 2 The Iran Freedom Movement 5. History 6. A New Approach to Islam: A Worldly Islam 7. The Methodology of Working Out the New Approach 8. Formative Factors in Bazargan's Approach to Islam Conclusion Part 3 The Society of the Devotees of Islam 9. History 10. A Militant Approach to Islam 11. Social and Political Factors Influencing Fada'iyan's Thought Conclusion Conclusion Afterword Glossary