Fatima Sadiqi is Professor of Linguistics and Gender Studies at the University of Fez, Morocco. A former Fulbright Scholar and recipient of a Harvard Fellowship, she has written a number of books and is a UN Gender Expert.Moha Ennaji is Professor at the University of Fez and a Visiting Professor at Rutgers University. He is the author and/or editor of numerous books and articles on culture and gender studies in North Africa.

"This book makes an important contribution towards understanding women’s status in contemporary Middle East and North African (MENA) countries... This book successfully encapsulates the diversity and similarity in women’s status and the response of the state in MENA countries. It also addresses the convergence of various feminist strands within the MENA region and generates a dynamic debate on women within Islam."- Keerty Nakray, OP Jindal Global University, New Delhi, India; Journal of Human Development and Capabilities: A Multi-Disciplinary Journal for People-Centered Development, 13:4, 625-626

• Introduction: Contextualizing Women’s Agency in the MENA Region Part 1: Reconsidering the Foundations of Women, Islam and Political Agency 1. The Veil: Religious/Historical Foundations of the Modern Political Discourse 2. Women, Islam and Political Agency in Morocco 3. Assia Djebar and Malika Mokeddem: Neo-Colonial Agents or Post-Colonial Subjects? 4. Women and Political Reform in Israel Part 2: Women’s Leadership in Civil Society 5. Women’s NGOs and Social Change in Morocco 6. Palestinian Women’s Movements: From Active Militants to Stateless Citizens Part 3: Women and Legal Reform 7. Tunisia at the Forefront of the Arab World: Two Waves of Gender Legislation 8. Feminism and Family Law in Iran: The Struggle for Women’s Economic Citizenship in the Islamic Republic 9. The Legal Status of Women in Egypt: Reform and Social Inertia Part 4: Women, Social, Cultural, Religious and Symbolic Change 10. Algerian Women as Actors of Change and Social Cohesion 11. Women in Turkey: Caught in the Bind Between Tradition and Modernity 12. Women and Language in Tunisia 13. Women, Education and the Redefinition of Empowerment and Change in a Traditional Society: The Case of Oman 14. Transforming Religious Expression: Ishelhin (Berber) Women and the Creation of a Local Islamic Tradition 15. Moroccan Women Contrabandists: Interferences in Public Space 16. The Orient Within: Women "In-between" Under Francoism

Fatima Sadiqi is Professor of Linguistics and Gender Studies at the University of Fez, Morocco. A former Fulbright Scholar and recipient of a Harvard Fellowship, she has written a number of books and is a UN Gender Expert.Moha Ennaji is Professor at the University of Fez and a Visiting Professor at Rutgers University. He is the author and/or editor of numerous books and articles on culture and gender studies in North Africa.

"This book makes an important contribution towards understanding women’s status in contemporary Middle East and North African (MENA) countries... This book successfully encapsulates the diversity and similarity in women’s status and the response of the state in MENA countries. It also addresses the convergence of various feminist strands within the MENA region and generates a dynamic debate on women within Islam."- Keerty Nakray, OP Jindal Global University, New Delhi, India; Journal of Human Development and Capabilities: A Multi-Disciplinary Journal for People-Centered Development, 13:4, 625-626

• Introduction: Contextualizing Women’s Agency in the MENA Region Part 1: Reconsidering the Foundations of Women, Islam and Political Agency 1. The Veil: Religious/Historical Foundations of the Modern Political Discourse 2. Women, Islam and Political Agency in Morocco 3. Assia Djebar and Malika Mokeddem: Neo-Colonial Agents or Post-Colonial Subjects? 4. Women and Political Reform in Israel Part 2: Women’s Leadership in Civil Society 5. Women’s NGOs and Social Change in Morocco 6. Palestinian Women’s Movements: From Active Militants to Stateless Citizens Part 3: Women and Legal Reform 7. Tunisia at the Forefront of the Arab World: Two Waves of Gender Legislation 8. Feminism and Family Law in Iran: The Struggle for Women’s Economic Citizenship in the Islamic Republic 9. The Legal Status of Women in Egypt: Reform and Social Inertia Part 4: Women, Social, Cultural, Religious and Symbolic Change 10. Algerian Women as Actors of Change and Social Cohesion 11. Women in Turkey: Caught in the Bind Between Tradition and Modernity 12. Women and Language in Tunisia 13. Women, Education and the Redefinition of Empowerment and Change in a Traditional Society: The Case of Oman 14. Transforming Religious Expression: Ishelhin (Berber) Women and the Creation of a Local Islamic Tradition 15. Moroccan Women Contrabandists: Interferences in Public Space 16. The Orient Within: Women "In-between" Under Francoism

Fatima Sadiqi is Professor of Linguistics and Gender Studies at the University of Fez, Morocco. A former Fulbright Scholar and recipient of a Harvard Fellowship, she has written a number of books and is a UN Gender Expert.Moha Ennaji is Professor at the University of Fez and a Visiting Professor at Rutgers University. He is the author and/or editor of numerous books and articles on culture and gender studies in North Africa.

"This book makes an important contribution towards understanding women’s status in contemporary Middle East and North African (MENA) countries... This book successfully encapsulates the diversity and similarity in women’s status and the response of the state in MENA countries. It also addresses the convergence of various feminist strands within the MENA region and generates a dynamic debate on women within Islam."- Keerty Nakray, OP Jindal Global University, New Delhi, India; Journal of Human Development and Capabilities: A Multi-Disciplinary Journal for People-Centered Development, 13:4, 625-626

• Introduction: Contextualizing Women’s Agency in the MENA Region Part 1: Reconsidering the Foundations of Women, Islam and Political Agency 1. The Veil: Religious/Historical Foundations of the Modern Political Discourse 2. Women, Islam and Political Agency in Morocco 3. Assia Djebar and Malika Mokeddem: Neo-Colonial Agents or Post-Colonial Subjects? 4. Women and Political Reform in Israel Part 2: Women’s Leadership in Civil Society 5. Women’s NGOs and Social Change in Morocco 6. Palestinian Women’s Movements: From Active Militants to Stateless Citizens Part 3: Women and Legal Reform 7. Tunisia at the Forefront of the Arab World: Two Waves of Gender Legislation 8. Feminism and Family Law in Iran: The Struggle for Women’s Economic Citizenship in the Islamic Republic 9. The Legal Status of Women in Egypt: Reform and Social Inertia Part 4: Women, Social, Cultural, Religious and Symbolic Change 10. Algerian Women as Actors of Change and Social Cohesion 11. Women in Turkey: Caught in the Bind Between Tradition and Modernity 12. Women and Language in Tunisia 13. Women, Education and the Redefinition of Empowerment and Change in a Traditional Society: The Case of Oman 14. Transforming Religious Expression: Ishelhin (Berber) Women and the Creation of a Local Islamic Tradition 15. Moroccan Women Contrabandists: Interferences in Public Space 16. The Orient Within: Women "In-between" Under Francoism