Tim Dixon holds a professorial chair in Sustainable Futures in the Built Environment in the School of Construction Management and Engineering at the University of Reading, UK. He is currently leading the Urban Foresight work package in the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) Retrofit 2050 consortium, and has recently completed funded research work on low-carbon cities for the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) and on social sustainability for the EIB and Berkeley Group. His research interests cover (i) the property industry and its interface with the sustainability agenda; and (ii) futures work, focusing on socio-technical impacts at a range of scales. He is a member of the RICS Sustainability Taskforce.Malcolm Eames holds a professorial chair in Low Carbon Research with the Low Carbon Research Institute at the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, UK, and is the Principal Investigator for the EPSRC Retrofit 2050 project. With an academic background in science & technology policy and innovation studies, his current research interests focus on the interface between: S&T foresight; low-carbon innovation; socio-technological transitions; and urban sustainability. He previously led the EPSRC’s Citizen Science for Sustainability (SuScit) project and was formerly Director of the Brunel Research in Enterprise, Innovation, Sustainability and Ethics (BRESE) Research Centre at Brunel University. Miriam Hunt is a research assistant at the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, UK. She is currently working on the EPSRC Retrofit 2050 project, where she is involved in case study work exploring sustainability transitions in the Cardiff and Manchester city-regions; a foresight process designed to explore transitions in UK city-regions in the period 2020-2050; and disseminating the wider project work. Simon Lannon is a research fellow at the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, UK, where he has developed models and tools based on building physics principles to be used at all scales of the built environment, from individual buildings to regional energy and emissions models. The main focus of his research has been the development of software to model the energy use and emissions for large urban areas using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other applications. This software underpins the Energy and Environmental Prediction (EEP) model, a computer-based modelling framework that quantifies energy use and associated emissions for cities to help plan to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other emissions.

"The book considers a wide range of topics in the context of sustainable urban transitions and brings multidisciplinary research results together. Focusing on buildings and infrastructure the book highlights new aspects of governance, green technologies, and modelling tools on energy consumption and financing." – Sebastian Fastenrath, University of Cologne

• Foreword by Paul King 1. Introduction Part I: Setting the Scene for Urban Retrofit 2. Sustainable Urban Development to 2050: Complex Transitions in the Built Environment of Cities 3. Exploring the Use of Systems Dynamics in Sustainable Urban Retrofit Planning 4. The Economics and Financing of City Scale Retrofits 5. Urban Governance, Planning, and Retrofit 6. Locating Urban Retrofitting Across Three BRICS cities: Exploring the Retrofit Landscapes of Sao Paulo, Mumbai and Cape Town 7. Urban Design and the Retrofit Agenda Part II: Energy and Urban Retrofit 8. Energy Poverty and the Future of Urban Retrofit 9. The Smart Grid and the Interface Between Energy, ICT and the City: Retrofitting and Integrating Urban Infrastructures 10. Retrofit 2050: Solar Energy 11. Pathways to Decarbonising Urban Systems Part III: Water, Waste and Urban Retrofit 12. Retrofitting Sustainable Integrated Water Management 13. Retrofitting Sustainable Integrated Water Management at Household, Building and Urban Scales 14. Retrofit 2050: Re-engineering the City for Sustainable Solid Waste Resource Management Part IV: Emerging Themes in Urban Retrofit 15. Conclusions: Financing, Managing and Visioning the Urban Retrofit Transition to 2050

Tim Dixon holds a professorial chair in Sustainable Futures in the Built Environment in the School of Construction Management and Engineering at the University of Reading, UK. He is currently leading the Urban Foresight work package in the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) Retrofit 2050 consortium, and has recently completed funded research work on low-carbon cities for the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) and on social sustainability for the EIB and Berkeley Group. His research interests cover (i) the property industry and its interface with the sustainability agenda; and (ii) futures work, focusing on socio-technical impacts at a range of scales. He is a member of the RICS Sustainability Taskforce.Malcolm Eames holds a professorial chair in Low Carbon Research with the Low Carbon Research Institute at the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, UK, and is the Principal Investigator for the EPSRC Retrofit 2050 project. With an academic background in science & technology policy and innovation studies, his current research interests focus on the interface between: S&T foresight; low-carbon innovation; socio-technological transitions; and urban sustainability. He previously led the EPSRC’s Citizen Science for Sustainability (SuScit) project and was formerly Director of the Brunel Research in Enterprise, Innovation, Sustainability and Ethics (BRESE) Research Centre at Brunel University. Miriam Hunt is a research assistant at the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, UK. She is currently working on the EPSRC Retrofit 2050 project, where she is involved in case study work exploring sustainability transitions in the Cardiff and Manchester city-regions; a foresight process designed to explore transitions in UK city-regions in the period 2020-2050; and disseminating the wider project work. Simon Lannon is a research fellow at the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, UK, where he has developed models and tools based on building physics principles to be used at all scales of the built environment, from individual buildings to regional energy and emissions models. The main focus of his research has been the development of software to model the energy use and emissions for large urban areas using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other applications. This software underpins the Energy and Environmental Prediction (EEP) model, a computer-based modelling framework that quantifies energy use and associated emissions for cities to help plan to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other emissions.

"The book considers a wide range of topics in the context of sustainable urban transitions and brings multidisciplinary research results together. Focusing on buildings and infrastructure the book highlights new aspects of governance, green technologies, and modelling tools on energy consumption and financing." – Sebastian Fastenrath, University of Cologne

• Foreword by Paul King 1. Introduction Part I: Setting the Scene for Urban Retrofit 2. Sustainable Urban Development to 2050: Complex Transitions in the Built Environment of Cities 3. Exploring the Use of Systems Dynamics in Sustainable Urban Retrofit Planning 4. The Economics and Financing of City Scale Retrofits 5. Urban Governance, Planning, and Retrofit 6. Locating Urban Retrofitting Across Three BRICS cities: Exploring the Retrofit Landscapes of Sao Paulo, Mumbai and Cape Town 7. Urban Design and the Retrofit Agenda Part II: Energy and Urban Retrofit 8. Energy Poverty and the Future of Urban Retrofit 9. The Smart Grid and the Interface Between Energy, ICT and the City: Retrofitting and Integrating Urban Infrastructures 10. Retrofit 2050: Solar Energy 11. Pathways to Decarbonising Urban Systems Part III: Water, Waste and Urban Retrofit 12. Retrofitting Sustainable Integrated Water Management 13. Retrofitting Sustainable Integrated Water Management at Household, Building and Urban Scales 14. Retrofit 2050: Re-engineering the City for Sustainable Solid Waste Resource Management Part IV: Emerging Themes in Urban Retrofit 15. Conclusions: Financing, Managing and Visioning the Urban Retrofit Transition to 2050

Tim Dixon holds a professorial chair in Sustainable Futures in the Built Environment in the School of Construction Management and Engineering at the University of Reading, UK. He is currently leading the Urban Foresight work package in the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) Retrofit 2050 consortium, and has recently completed funded research work on low-carbon cities for the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) and on social sustainability for the EIB and Berkeley Group. His research interests cover (i) the property industry and its interface with the sustainability agenda; and (ii) futures work, focusing on socio-technical impacts at a range of scales. He is a member of the RICS Sustainability Taskforce.Malcolm Eames holds a professorial chair in Low Carbon Research with the Low Carbon Research Institute at the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, UK, and is the Principal Investigator for the EPSRC Retrofit 2050 project. With an academic background in science & technology policy and innovation studies, his current research interests focus on the interface between: S&T foresight; low-carbon innovation; socio-technological transitions; and urban sustainability. He previously led the EPSRC’s Citizen Science for Sustainability (SuScit) project and was formerly Director of the Brunel Research in Enterprise, Innovation, Sustainability and Ethics (BRESE) Research Centre at Brunel University. Miriam Hunt is a research assistant at the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, UK. She is currently working on the EPSRC Retrofit 2050 project, where she is involved in case study work exploring sustainability transitions in the Cardiff and Manchester city-regions; a foresight process designed to explore transitions in UK city-regions in the period 2020-2050; and disseminating the wider project work. Simon Lannon is a research fellow at the Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, UK, where he has developed models and tools based on building physics principles to be used at all scales of the built environment, from individual buildings to regional energy and emissions models. The main focus of his research has been the development of software to model the energy use and emissions for large urban areas using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other applications. This software underpins the Energy and Environmental Prediction (EEP) model, a computer-based modelling framework that quantifies energy use and associated emissions for cities to help plan to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other emissions.

"The book considers a wide range of topics in the context of sustainable urban transitions and brings multidisciplinary research results together. Focusing on buildings and infrastructure the book highlights new aspects of governance, green technologies, and modelling tools on energy consumption and financing." – Sebastian Fastenrath, University of Cologne

• Foreword by Paul King 1. Introduction Part I: Setting the Scene for Urban Retrofit 2. Sustainable Urban Development to 2050: Complex Transitions in the Built Environment of Cities 3. Exploring the Use of Systems Dynamics in Sustainable Urban Retrofit Planning 4. The Economics and Financing of City Scale Retrofits 5. Urban Governance, Planning, and Retrofit 6. Locating Urban Retrofitting Across Three BRICS cities: Exploring the Retrofit Landscapes of Sao Paulo, Mumbai and Cape Town 7. Urban Design and the Retrofit Agenda Part II: Energy and Urban Retrofit 8. Energy Poverty and the Future of Urban Retrofit 9. The Smart Grid and the Interface Between Energy, ICT and the City: Retrofitting and Integrating Urban Infrastructures 10. Retrofit 2050: Solar Energy 11. Pathways to Decarbonising Urban Systems Part III: Water, Waste and Urban Retrofit 12. Retrofitting Sustainable Integrated Water Management 13. Retrofitting Sustainable Integrated Water Management at Household, Building and Urban Scales 14. Retrofit 2050: Re-engineering the City for Sustainable Solid Waste Resource Management Part IV: Emerging Themes in Urban Retrofit 15. Conclusions: Financing, Managing and Visioning the Urban Retrofit Transition to 2050