Jean-Louis Peta Ikambana is a scholar, social Justice advocate, teacher, social worker, and programs administrator. Dr. Ikambana has worked with Jesuit Refugee Service in collaboration with the UNHCR, Congreso De Latinos Unidos, American Friends Service Committee, a Nobel Prize winner organization, and is also a member of the Academy of Political Science.

• Table of contents List of Tables & Figures Preface Chapter One Introduction Chapter Two Concepts of Political Governance in Traditional Africa Chapter Three The Momentum of Democracy in Zaire: Sovereign National Conference Chapter Four State Crime in Mobutu’s Political System Chapter Five The African-centered Rationale for the Necessity of Zaire Democracy Chapter Six Concluding Remarks Appendix A Chronology of major events: 6th century to Mobutu’s second coup d’etat, November 24, 1965 Appendix B Election criteria of the political elite in traditional Senegal Appendix C Theoretical Approaches to State Crimes Notes Bibliography Index

Jean-Louis Peta Ikambana is a scholar, social Justice advocate, teacher, social worker, and programs administrator. Dr. Ikambana has worked with Jesuit Refugee Service in collaboration with the UNHCR, Congreso De Latinos Unidos, American Friends Service Committee, a Nobel Prize winner organization, and is also a member of the Academy of Political Science.

• Table of contents List of Tables & Figures Preface Chapter One Introduction Chapter Two Concepts of Political Governance in Traditional Africa Chapter Three The Momentum of Democracy in Zaire: Sovereign National Conference Chapter Four State Crime in Mobutu’s Political System Chapter Five The African-centered Rationale for the Necessity of Zaire Democracy Chapter Six Concluding Remarks Appendix A Chronology of major events: 6th century to Mobutu’s second coup d’etat, November 24, 1965 Appendix B Election criteria of the political elite in traditional Senegal Appendix C Theoretical Approaches to State Crimes Notes Bibliography Index

Jean-Louis Peta Ikambana is a scholar, social Justice advocate, teacher, social worker, and programs administrator. Dr. Ikambana has worked with Jesuit Refugee Service in collaboration with the UNHCR, Congreso De Latinos Unidos, American Friends Service Committee, a Nobel Prize winner organization, and is also a member of the Academy of Political Science.

• Table of contents List of Tables & Figures Preface Chapter One Introduction Chapter Two Concepts of Political Governance in Traditional Africa Chapter Three The Momentum of Democracy in Zaire: Sovereign National Conference Chapter Four State Crime in Mobutu’s Political System Chapter Five The African-centered Rationale for the Necessity of Zaire Democracy Chapter Six Concluding Remarks Appendix A Chronology of major events: 6th century to Mobutu’s second coup d’etat, November 24, 1965 Appendix B Election criteria of the political elite in traditional Senegal Appendix C Theoretical Approaches to State Crimes Notes Bibliography Index