Dr Arindam Basu, Director General of the Northern India Textile Research Association (NITRA), Ghaziabad is a BTech in textile technology from Calcutta University and MText from Bombay University. He completed his PhD degree from the University of Leeds in textile engineering during the year 1991. He is presently a Chairman of the Textile Division, Bureau of Indian Standards and a Chairman of the Textile Industry, Bureau of Energy Efficiency, India. He has more than 35 years of experience in industry and research. He has been working as a Director of various institutes since 2002. From June 2002 to January 2011, he was the Director of South India Textile Research Association (SITRA) and from January 2011 to March 2014, he was the Director of Central Silk Technological Research Institute (CSTRI), Central Silk Board and joined NITRA as a Director General during March 2014 (to present.) He has taken a lead role in the development of various machineries and instruments and has 10 patents on his credit. Many of these developments are used by the industry. He has published more than 150 articles in international and national journals and presented papers in more than 40 seminars.

• 1 Overview of developments in yarn spinning technology2 Opening and Cleaning of fibres: Latest developments3 Combing and Draw frames4 Speed frames and ring frames5 Compact spinning6 Rotor spinning7 Air vortex spinning8 Yarn structure – properties relationship9 Industry 4.0 (Application of Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and Internet of things) and developments in spinning technologiesIndustry 4.0 includes application of IoT, AI, ML and other techniques which is revolutionising the industrial technologies. Similarly, there is increased use of these techniques in latest spinning machines. This chapter will discuss about those applications and benefit accrued.10 Worsted spinning technologies11 Woollen spinning technologies12 Recycling of textile materials and spinning of recycled fibres13 Spinning of bast fibres and other natural unconventional fibres