Dr. Walter Adey is an Emeritus Research Scientist and Curator for the National Museum of National History at the Smithsonian Institute. He received his B.S. in Geophysics from MIT, performed graduate studies at MIT and Harvard in Paleontology and Biology, and obtained his Ph.D. in Marine Botany and Geology from the University of Michigan. Since 1977, he has been the Director of the Marine Systems Laboratory at the Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Adey is an associate editor for Restoration Ecology and The Journal of Ecological Engineering. He has authored numerous publications and has developed several exhibits and operational mesocosm systems.

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• 1. IntroductionPart I: Physical Environment2. Physical Parameters and Energy State3. Substrate - Controlling the Benthic Component4. Water Composition - Management of Salinity, Hardness, and Evaporation5. The Input of Solar Energy - Lighting and New Possibilities6. The Input of Organic Energy - Particulates and FeedingPart II: Biochemical Environment7. Metabolism – Respiration, Photosynthesis, and Biological Loading8. Organisms and Gas Exchange – Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, pH, and Alkalinity9. Primary Nutrients – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Silica10. Biomineralization and Calcification – A Key to Biosphere and Ecosystem Function11. Control of the Biochemical Environment – 3D Potential for Algal Turf ScrubbingPart III: Biological Structure12. Community Structure - Biodiversity in Model Ecosystems13. Thermogeography - The Distribution of Organisms Along Coasts14. Trophic Structure - Ecosystems and Dynamics of Food Chains15. Primary Producers - Bottom-Growing Plants16. Herbivores17. Carnivores18. Plankton and Planktivores19. Detritus and Detritivores20. Symbionts and Other FeedersPart IV: Ecological Systems in Microcosms, Mesocosms, and Aquaria21. Models of Coral Reef Ecosystems22. Subarctic/Boreal Microcosm - Applications of New Research23. Estuaries - Ecosystem Modelling and Restoration24. Freshwater Ecosystem Models25. Research Systems in MicrocosmsPart V: The Environment and Ecological Engineering26. Organisms and Natural Products27. Large Scale Water Quality Management with Solar Energy CapturePart VI: Synthesis28. Microcosms, Mesocosms, and Macrocosms – Building and Restoring Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Dr. Walter Adey is an Emeritus Research Scientist and Curator for the National Museum of National History at the Smithsonian Institute. He received his B.S. in Geophysics from MIT, performed graduate studies at MIT and Harvard in Paleontology and Biology, and obtained his Ph.D. in Marine Botany and Geology from the University of Michigan. Since 1977, he has been the Director of the Marine Systems Laboratory at the Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Adey is an associate editor for Restoration Ecology and The Journal of Ecological Engineering. He has authored numerous publications and has developed several exhibits and operational mesocosm systems.

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• 1. IntroductionPart I: Physical Environment2. Physical Parameters and Energy State3. Substrate - Controlling the Benthic Component4. Water Composition - Management of Salinity, Hardness, and Evaporation5. The Input of Solar Energy - Lighting and New Possibilities6. The Input of Organic Energy - Particulates and FeedingPart II: Biochemical Environment7. Metabolism – Respiration, Photosynthesis, and Biological Loading8. Organisms and Gas Exchange – Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, pH, and Alkalinity9. Primary Nutrients – Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Silica10. Biomineralization and Calcification – A Key to Biosphere and Ecosystem Function11. Control of the Biochemical Environment – 3D Potential for Algal Turf ScrubbingPart III: Biological Structure12. Community Structure - Biodiversity in Model Ecosystems13. Thermogeography - The Distribution of Organisms Along Coasts14. Trophic Structure - Ecosystems and Dynamics of Food Chains15. Primary Producers - Bottom-Growing Plants16. Herbivores17. Carnivores18. Plankton and Planktivores19. Detritus and Detritivores20. Symbionts and Other FeedersPart IV: Ecological Systems in Microcosms, Mesocosms, and Aquaria21. Models of Coral Reef Ecosystems22. Subarctic/Boreal Microcosm - Applications of New Research23. Estuaries - Ecosystem Modelling and Restoration24. Freshwater Ecosystem Models25. Research Systems in MicrocosmsPart V: The Environment and Ecological Engineering26. Organisms and Natural Products27. Large Scale Water Quality Management with Solar Energy CapturePart VI: Synthesis28. Microcosms, Mesocosms, and Macrocosms – Building and Restoring Ecosystems and the Biosphere