Fabio Galbusera, engineer, is the Head of Spine Research at the Schulthess Clinic in Zürich, Switzerland. His main research interests are the biomechanics of the spine, the use of numerical models for its investigation as well as spinal imaging, about which he published more than 170 papers in international peer-reviewed journals. In the last years, he pioneered the use of artificial intelligence in the field of spine research, especially for the automated analysis of radiological images of the spine. One of his works in this field was awarded the ISSLS Prize for Bioengineering 2021. He is a member of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine (ISSLS), the Spine Society of Europe (EUROSPINE), the European Society of Biomechanics (ESB) and the European Society of Radiology (ESR), and is currently part of the Editorial Boards of Journal of Biomechanics, European Spine Journal, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology and of European Radiology Experimental.Regarding books, in 2018 he edited the book “Biomechanics of the Spine: Basic Concepts, Spinal Disorders and Treatments” together with Prof. Hans-Joachim Wilke, published by Elsevier. Prof. Hans-Joachim Wilke is the Co-Director of the Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany, where he is responsible of the spine research group. He has been President of the Spine Society of Europe as well as of the German Spine Society, and is currently co-Editor of European Spine Journal for the basic science papers. Besides, Prof. Wilke is the founder and chairman of the Grammer Award for spine research. He has been involved in several large scale research projects funded by the European Commission.

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• Section 1: Introduction and functional anatomy 1. Historical perspective on spine biomechanics research2. Anatomy, development and evolution of the human spine3. General biomechanics of the spine4. The cervical spine5. The thoracic spine and the rib cage6. The lumbar spine7. Sacrum and pelvisSection 2: Biomechanics of Spinal Tissues8. Vertebral bone9. Intervertebral disc10. Vertebral endplates11. Spinal muscles12. Cell biomechanics and mechanobiologySection 3: Methods in Spine Biomechanics Research13. Spinal imaging14. Motion analysis15. In vitro testing of cadaveric specimens16. Standard testing17. Mathematical and finite element modeling18. Musculoskeletal modeling19. Animal models for spine biomechanics20. Machine learning and artificial intelligenceSection 4: Spinal Disorders and Spine Surgery Degenerative disorders 21. Intervertebral disc degeneration22. Biomechanics of low back pain23. Disc herniation24. Biomechanics of physical therapy and rehabilitation Spinal implants25. Fixation and fusion26. Motion preservation27. Nucleus replacement and regenerative therapies Spinal deformities28. Pediatric and adolescent scoliosis29. Sagittal imbalance30. Adult spine deformities31. Neuromuscular spine disorders Trauma, osteoporosis and tumors32. Spinal fractures33. Whiplash34. Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures35. Spine tumors36. Biomechanics of spinal cord injuries37. Glossary