Annotated Readings in the History of Modern Psychology

Dr. C. James Goodwin  is Professor and Chair of the Psychol­ogy Department at Wheeling Jesuit University. He has published research on human memory processes, the history of psychology, and the teaching of psychology. Dr. Goodwin was named a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, and was awarded the NASA Space Grant Consortium research grant for undergraduate research project.

• Preface viAcknowledgments ixChapter Previews xiRationalist and Empiricist EpistemologiesChapter 1 RENÉ DESCARTES (1596–1650): Mind-Body Interactionism 1Chapter 2 JOHN STUART MILL (1806–1873): British Empiricism Firsthand 7Nineteenth Century Studies of the BrainChapter 3 FRANÇOIS MAGENDIE (1783–1855): The Bell-Magendie Principle 14Chapter 4 PAUL BROCA (1824–1880): The Case of “Tan” 19The “new Psychology” EmergesChapter 5 WILHELM WUNDT (1832–1920): A New Scientific Psychology 24Chapter 6 HERMANN EBBINGHAUS (1850–1909): On Memory 32Comparative Psychology Copyrighted MaterialChapter 7 WILLARD S. SMALL (1870–1943): Inventing Maze Learning 41Chapter 8 EDWARD L. THORNDIKE (1874–1949): Cats in Puzzle Boxes 48American PioneersChapter 9 WILLIAM JAMES (1842–1910): On Consciousness and Emotion 55Chapter 10 MARY WHITON CALKINS (1863–1930): Experiments on Association 62Structuralism and FunctionalismChapter 11 E. B. TITCHENER (1867–1927): A Structural Psychology 70Chapter 12 JAMES ROWLAND ANGELL (1869–1949): A Functional Psychology 77Gestalt PsychologyChapter 13 KURT KOFFKA (1886–1941): Gestalt Psychology and Perception 84Chapter 14 WOLFGANG KÖHLER (1887–1967): Problem Solving in Apes 91Nature/nurtureChapter 15 FRANCIS GALTON (1822–1911): The Inheritance of Mental Ability 98Chapter 16 HENRY H. GODDARD (1866–1957): The Kallikak Study 106Origins of BehaviorismChapter 17 IVAN PAVLOV (1849–1936): Conditioned Reflexes 114Chapter 18 JOHN BROADUS WATSON (1878–1958): A Behaviorist Manifesto 122Evolution of BehaviorismChapter 19 EDWARD C. TOLMAN (1886–1959): Cognitive Maps 129Chapter 20 B. F. SKINNER (1904–1990): An Experimental Analysis of Behavior 137PsychoanalysisChapter 21 SIGMUND FREUD (1887–1967): The Clark Lectures on Psychoanalysis 144Chapter 22 KAREN HORNEY (1885–1952): Conflict, Anxiety, and Neurosis 151Clinical PsychologyChapter 23 LIGHTNER WITMER (1867–1956): The Psychological Clinic 158Chapter 24 MARY COVER JONES (1896–1987): Behavior Therapy 165Sex and RaceChapter 25 LETA STETTER HOLLINGWORTH (1886–1939): Sex Differences in Aptitude 171Chapter 26 KENNETH B. CLARK (1914–2005) and MAMIE PHIPPS CLARK (1917–1983): The Doll Studies 178Industrial PsychologyChapter 27 WALTER DILL SCOTT (1869–1955): Psychology and Advertising 185Chapter 28 HUGO MÜNSTERBERG (1863–1916): Applying Psychology to Business 192Mental TestingChapter 29 JAMES MCKEEN CATTELL (1860–1944): Mental Tests 199Chapter 30 ALFRED BINET (1857–1911): The Binet-Simon Tests of Intelligence 206Personality & Social PsychologyChapter 31 GORDON ALLPORT (1897–1967): The Uniqueness of Personality 214Chapter 32 KURT LEWIN (1890–1947): The Leadership Studies 221Cognitive PsychologyChapter 33 FREDERICK C. BARTLETT (1886–1969): Constructive Memory 229Chapter 34 JOHN JENKINS (1901–1948) and KARL DALLENBACH (1887–1971): Interference and Memory 237Humanistic PsychologyChapter 35 ABRAHAM MASLOW (1908–1970): A Hierarchy of Needs 245Chapter 36 CARL ROGERS (1902–1987): The Therapeutic Environment 252References 259Index 266