Leading Across Differences

The Editors Kelly Hannum, Ph.D., is manager of research at the Center for Creative Leadership at Greensboro, North Carolina's campus. She has also managed a variety of international research and evaluation projects and is the co-editor of The Handbook of Leadership Development Evaluation. Belinda B. McFeeters, Ph.D., is an independent contractor with faculty affiliations at the Center for Creative Leadership. Lize Booysen, Ph.D., is a full professor, Leadership and Change at Antioch University. Center for Creative Leadership (www.ccl.org) is a top-ranked, global provider of executive education that develops better leaders through its exclusive focus on education and research.

• Foreword, by Maxine Dalton and Marian Ruderman xiiiPreface xviiIntroduction 1Purpose 2Audience 3The Organization of This Book 3How to Use This Book 8Part One Leadership Across Differences Framework 9Societal Landscape 11Organizational Context 13Spillover 13Faultlines 14Triggering Event 14Leadership Practices 15Increased Direction, Alignment, and Commitment 16Organizational Outcomes 16Part Two Cases 17Case 1: Race and Respect 19Case 2: Water Crises 23Case 3: Floating Holidays 27Case 4: Not My Weekend 31Case 5: It’s Their Fault 35Case 6: The Scent of Difference 39Case 7: Not Catching On 43Case 8: Glass Ceiling at Big Boy Toys 47Case 9: Super Drugs 51Case 10: The Right to Be Pregnant 55Case 11: Local Bombing 59Case 12: Benefits Battle 63Case 13 Francois’ Dilemma 67Part Three Perspectives 71One Social Identity: Understanding the In-Group/Out-Group Group Phenomenon by Stella M. Nkomo 73Two Triggers of Social Identity Conflict by Marian N. Ruderman and Donna Chrobot-Mason 81Three Organizational Faultlines by Astrid C. Homan and Karen A. Jehn 87Four Leadership Practices Across Social Identity Groups by Marian N. Ruderman, Sarah Glover, Donna Chrobot-Mason, and Chris Ernst 95Five Cultural Values by Shalom Schwartz 115Six Approaches to Difference: Allophilia and Xenophobia by Todd L. Pittinsky 125Seven Cultural Intelligence: A Pathway for Leading in a Rapidly Globalizing World by Linn Van Dyne, Soon Ang, and David Livermore 131Eight Social Justice and Dignity by Philomena Essed 139Nine Miasma: The Dynamics of Difference by Ancella B. Livers and Robert F. Solomon, Jr. 147Ten Leading Across Cultural Groups: Implications of Self-Concept by Dharm P.S. Bhawuk and Vijayan P. Munusamy 155ElevenLeader Values and Authenticity by Todd J. Weber 163TwelveLeading Through Paradox by Jeffrey Yip 171Part Four Exercises 181Exercise 1: Mapping Your Social Identities 183Exercise 2: Your Experience with Triggers 193Exercise 3: Identifying Faultlines 199Exercise 4: Cultural Values 203Exercise 5: Approaches to Difference 207Exercise 6: Cultural Intelligence (CQ) 213Exercise 7: Your Leadership Practices 217Exercise 8: Examining Your Leadership Networks 223Exercise 9: Taking a New Perspective 229Glossary 235Recommended Reading/Resources 243References 251About the Contributors 263About the Editors 267