Andrzej Lewenstam, DSc, f. Chairman of Working Group for Ion Sensitive Electrodes and Biosensors of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. He was one of the founders and leaders of the “Solidarity” at the University of Warsaw in 1980, while pursuing his DSc. In 1990 he was appointed the Chair Professor in sensor technology at Åbo Akademi University and has been a full professor at AGH University of Science and Technology since 1993. He has published 250 papers, 20 patents and several book chapters. He is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of six international journals, including Electroanalysis and Foundations of Science. Lo Gorton, PhD, docent, is Chair Professor in Analytical Chemistry at Lund University since 1997 and Honoris Causa of the University of Bucharest, Romania, since 2000. In 2012 he became fellow of the International Society of Electrochemistry (ISE) and was awarded The International DropSens Award. In 2013 he was awarded The Katzumi Niki Prize in Bioelectrochemistry by the Bioelectrochemical division of the ISE. He has published more than 400 papers, 5 patents and 12 book chapters. He is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of eight international journals, including Electroanalysis, Bioelectrochemistry, ChemElectroChem and Open Analytical Chemistry.

• Contributors viiPreface ix1 Modeling of Relations between Ionic Fluxes and Membrane Potential in Artificial Membranes 1Agata Michalska and Krzysztof Maksymiuk2 Transmembrane Ion Fluxes for Lowering Detection Limits of Ion-Selective Electrodes 23Tomasz Sokalski3 Ion Transport and (Selected) Ion Channels in Biological Membranes in Health and Pathology 61Krzysztof Do³owy4 Electrical Coupling through Gap Junctions between Electrically Excitable Cells 83Yarra Lefler and Marylka Yoe Uusisaari5 Enzyme Film Electrochemistry 105Julea N. Butt, Andrew J. Gates, Sophie J. Marritt and David J. Richardson6 Plant Photosystem II as an Example of a Natural Photovoltaic Device 121Wies³aw I. Gruszecki7 Electrochemical Activation of Cytochrome P450 133Andrew K. Udit, Michael G. Hill and Harry B. Gray8 Molecular Properties and Reaction Mechanism of Multicopper Oxidases Related to Their Use in Biofuel Cells 169Edward I. Solomon, Christian H. Kjaergaard and David E. Heppner9 Electrochemical Monitoring of the Well-Being of Cells 213Kalle Levon, Qi Zhang, Yanyan Wang, Aabhas Martur and Ramya Kolli10 Electrochemical Systems Controlled by Enzyme-Based Logic Networks: Toward Biochemically Controlled Bioelectronics 231Jan Halámek and Evgeny KatzIndex 000