CLAYTON R. PAUL has been the Sam Nunn Eminent Chair in Aerospace Engineering and a professor in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering at Mercer University since 1997. He is an emeritus professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Kentucky, where he taught for twenty-seven years.

"All mathematical calculations are performed clearly and in a very good manner. From this point of view, thebook is very useful for students and teachers." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2011)

• Preface xi1 Basic Skills and Concepts Having Application to Transmission Lines 11.1 Units and Unit Conversion 31.2 Waves, Time Delay, Phase Shift, Wavelength, and Electrical Dimensions 61.3 The Time Domain vs. the Frequency Domain 111.3.1 Spectra of Digital Signals 121.3.2 Bandwidth of Digital Signals 171.3.3 Computing the Time-Domain Response of Transmission Lines Having Linear Terminations Using Fourier Methods and Superposition 271.4 The Basic Transmission-Line Problem 311.4.1 Two-Conductor Transmission Lines and Signal Integrity 321.4.2 Multiconductor Transmission Lines and Crosstalk 41Problems 46Part I Two-Conductor Lines and Signal Integrity 492 Time-Domain Analysis of Two-Conductor Lines 512.1 The Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) Mode of Propagation and the Transmission-Line Equations 522.2 The Per-Unit-Length Parameters 562.2.1 Wire-Type Lines 572.2.2 Lines of Rectangular Cross Section 682.3 The General Solutions for the Line Voltage and Current 712.4 Wave Tracing and Reflection Coefficients 742.5 The SPICE (PSPICE) Exact Transmission-Line Model 842.6 Lumped-Circuit Approximate Models of the Line 912.7 Effects of Reactive Terminations on Terminal Waveforms 922.7.1 Effect of Capacitive Terminations 922.7.2 Effect of Inductive Terminations 942.8 Matching Schemes for Signal Integrity 962.9 Bandwidth and Signal Integrity: When Does the Line Not Matter? 1042.10 Effect of Line Discontinuities 1052.11 Driving Multiple Lines 111Problems 1133 Frequency-Domain Analysis of Two-Conductor Lines 1213.1 The Transmission-Line Equations for Sinusoidal Steady-State Excitation of the Line 1223.2 The General Solution for the Terminal Voltages and Currents 1233.3 The Voltage Reflection Coefficient and Input Impedance to the Line 1233.4 The Solution for the Terminal Voltages and Currents 1253.5 The SPICE Solution 1283.6 Voltage and Current as a Function of Position on the Line 1303.7 Matching and VSWR 1333.8 Power Flow on the Line 1343.9 Alternative Forms of the Results 1373.10 The Smith Chart 1383.11 Effects of Line Losses 1473.12 Lumped-Circuit Approximations for Electrically Short Lines 1613.13 Construction of Microwave Circuit Components Using Transmission Lines 167Problems 170Part II Three-Conductor Lines and Crosstalk 1754 The Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lines 1774.1 The Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lines 1774.2 The Per-Unit-Length Parameters 1844.2.1 Wide-Separation Approximations for Wires 1854.2.2 Numerical Methods 196Problems 2055 Solution of the Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lossless Lines 2075.1 Decoupling the Transmission-Line Equations with Mode Transformations 2085.2 The SPICE Subcircuit Model 2105.3 Lumped-Circuit Approximate Models of the Line 2275.4 The Inductive-Capacitive Coupling Approximate Model 232Problems 2366 Solution of the Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lossy Lines 2396.1 The Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lossy Lines 2406.2 Characterization of Conductor and Dielectric Losses 2446.2.1 Conductor Losses and Skin Effect 2446.2.2 Dielectric Losses 2486.3 Solution of the Phasor (Frequency-Domain) Transmission-Line Equations for a Three-Conductor Lossy Line 2516.4 Common-Impedance Coupling 2606.5 The Time-Domain to Frequency-Domain Method 261Problems 270Appendix A Brief Tutorial on Using PSPICE 273Index 295

CLAYTON R. PAUL has been the Sam Nunn Eminent Chair in Aerospace Engineering and a professor in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering at Mercer University since 1997. He is an emeritus professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Kentucky, where he taught for twenty-seven years.

"All mathematical calculations are performed clearly and in a very good manner. From this point of view, thebook is very useful for students and teachers." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2011)

• Preface xi1 Basic Skills and Concepts Having Application to Transmission Lines 11.1 Units and Unit Conversion 31.2 Waves, Time Delay, Phase Shift, Wavelength, and Electrical Dimensions 61.3 The Time Domain vs. the Frequency Domain 111.3.1 Spectra of Digital Signals 121.3.2 Bandwidth of Digital Signals 171.3.3 Computing the Time-Domain Response of Transmission Lines Having Linear Terminations Using Fourier Methods and Superposition 271.4 The Basic Transmission-Line Problem 311.4.1 Two-Conductor Transmission Lines and Signal Integrity 321.4.2 Multiconductor Transmission Lines and Crosstalk 41Problems 46Part I Two-Conductor Lines and Signal Integrity 492 Time-Domain Analysis of Two-Conductor Lines 512.1 The Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) Mode of Propagation and the Transmission-Line Equations 522.2 The Per-Unit-Length Parameters 562.2.1 Wire-Type Lines 572.2.2 Lines of Rectangular Cross Section 682.3 The General Solutions for the Line Voltage and Current 712.4 Wave Tracing and Reflection Coefficients 742.5 The SPICE (PSPICE) Exact Transmission-Line Model 842.6 Lumped-Circuit Approximate Models of the Line 912.7 Effects of Reactive Terminations on Terminal Waveforms 922.7.1 Effect of Capacitive Terminations 922.7.2 Effect of Inductive Terminations 942.8 Matching Schemes for Signal Integrity 962.9 Bandwidth and Signal Integrity: When Does the Line Not Matter? 1042.10 Effect of Line Discontinuities 1052.11 Driving Multiple Lines 111Problems 1133 Frequency-Domain Analysis of Two-Conductor Lines 1213.1 The Transmission-Line Equations for Sinusoidal Steady-State Excitation of the Line 1223.2 The General Solution for the Terminal Voltages and Currents 1233.3 The Voltage Reflection Coefficient and Input Impedance to the Line 1233.4 The Solution for the Terminal Voltages and Currents 1253.5 The SPICE Solution 1283.6 Voltage and Current as a Function of Position on the Line 1303.7 Matching and VSWR 1333.8 Power Flow on the Line 1343.9 Alternative Forms of the Results 1373.10 The Smith Chart 1383.11 Effects of Line Losses 1473.12 Lumped-Circuit Approximations for Electrically Short Lines 1613.13 Construction of Microwave Circuit Components Using Transmission Lines 167Problems 170Part II Three-Conductor Lines and Crosstalk 1754 The Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lines 1774.1 The Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lines 1774.2 The Per-Unit-Length Parameters 1844.2.1 Wide-Separation Approximations for Wires 1854.2.2 Numerical Methods 196Problems 2055 Solution of the Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lossless Lines 2075.1 Decoupling the Transmission-Line Equations with Mode Transformations 2085.2 The SPICE Subcircuit Model 2105.3 Lumped-Circuit Approximate Models of the Line 2275.4 The Inductive-Capacitive Coupling Approximate Model 232Problems 2366 Solution of the Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lossy Lines 2396.1 The Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lossy Lines 2406.2 Characterization of Conductor and Dielectric Losses 2446.2.1 Conductor Losses and Skin Effect 2446.2.2 Dielectric Losses 2486.3 Solution of the Phasor (Frequency-Domain) Transmission-Line Equations for a Three-Conductor Lossy Line 2516.4 Common-Impedance Coupling 2606.5 The Time-Domain to Frequency-Domain Method 261Problems 270Appendix A Brief Tutorial on Using PSPICE 273Index 295

CLAYTON R. PAUL has been the Sam Nunn Eminent Chair in Aerospace Engineering and a professor in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering at Mercer University since 1997. He is an emeritus professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Kentucky, where he taught for twenty-seven years.

"All mathematical calculations are performed clearly and in a very good manner. From this point of view, thebook is very useful for students and teachers." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2011)

• Preface xi1 Basic Skills and Concepts Having Application to Transmission Lines 11.1 Units and Unit Conversion 31.2 Waves, Time Delay, Phase Shift, Wavelength, and Electrical Dimensions 61.3 The Time Domain vs. the Frequency Domain 111.3.1 Spectra of Digital Signals 121.3.2 Bandwidth of Digital Signals 171.3.3 Computing the Time-Domain Response of Transmission Lines Having Linear Terminations Using Fourier Methods and Superposition 271.4 The Basic Transmission-Line Problem 311.4.1 Two-Conductor Transmission Lines and Signal Integrity 321.4.2 Multiconductor Transmission Lines and Crosstalk 41Problems 46Part I Two-Conductor Lines and Signal Integrity 492 Time-Domain Analysis of Two-Conductor Lines 512.1 The Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) Mode of Propagation and the Transmission-Line Equations 522.2 The Per-Unit-Length Parameters 562.2.1 Wire-Type Lines 572.2.2 Lines of Rectangular Cross Section 682.3 The General Solutions for the Line Voltage and Current 712.4 Wave Tracing and Reflection Coefficients 742.5 The SPICE (PSPICE) Exact Transmission-Line Model 842.6 Lumped-Circuit Approximate Models of the Line 912.7 Effects of Reactive Terminations on Terminal Waveforms 922.7.1 Effect of Capacitive Terminations 922.7.2 Effect of Inductive Terminations 942.8 Matching Schemes for Signal Integrity 962.9 Bandwidth and Signal Integrity: When Does the Line Not Matter? 1042.10 Effect of Line Discontinuities 1052.11 Driving Multiple Lines 111Problems 1133 Frequency-Domain Analysis of Two-Conductor Lines 1213.1 The Transmission-Line Equations for Sinusoidal Steady-State Excitation of the Line 1223.2 The General Solution for the Terminal Voltages and Currents 1233.3 The Voltage Reflection Coefficient and Input Impedance to the Line 1233.4 The Solution for the Terminal Voltages and Currents 1253.5 The SPICE Solution 1283.6 Voltage and Current as a Function of Position on the Line 1303.7 Matching and VSWR 1333.8 Power Flow on the Line 1343.9 Alternative Forms of the Results 1373.10 The Smith Chart 1383.11 Effects of Line Losses 1473.12 Lumped-Circuit Approximations for Electrically Short Lines 1613.13 Construction of Microwave Circuit Components Using Transmission Lines 167Problems 170Part II Three-Conductor Lines and Crosstalk 1754 The Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lines 1774.1 The Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lines 1774.2 The Per-Unit-Length Parameters 1844.2.1 Wide-Separation Approximations for Wires 1854.2.2 Numerical Methods 196Problems 2055 Solution of the Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lossless Lines 2075.1 Decoupling the Transmission-Line Equations with Mode Transformations 2085.2 The SPICE Subcircuit Model 2105.3 Lumped-Circuit Approximate Models of the Line 2275.4 The Inductive-Capacitive Coupling Approximate Model 232Problems 2366 Solution of the Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lossy Lines 2396.1 The Transmission-Line Equations for Three-Conductor Lossy Lines 2406.2 Characterization of Conductor and Dielectric Losses 2446.2.1 Conductor Losses and Skin Effect 2446.2.2 Dielectric Losses 2486.3 Solution of the Phasor (Frequency-Domain) Transmission-Line Equations for a Three-Conductor Lossy Line 2516.4 Common-Impedance Coupling 2606.5 The Time-Domain to Frequency-Domain Method 261Problems 270Appendix A Brief Tutorial on Using PSPICE 273Index 295