Introduction to Animal Science

Wilson G. Pond is the author of Introduction to Animal Science, published by Wiley. Kevin R. Pond is the author of Introduction to Animal Science, published by Wiley.

"...useful to any technologist or student seeking a deeper insightinto the science and effort of producing animal products." (FoodScience & Technology Today, Vol 14/3, 2000)

• PrefaceSection OneChapter 1 Food Production 1Historical Perspective 1Human Population Growth 2Role of Research and of Land, Water, Soil, and Energy Resources 4Food Consumption 9Who Produces the Food? 16Summary 18Chapter 2 Domestic Animals 20An Overview of the Contributions of Domestic Animals 20Food from Animals 22Animal Byproducts 23Pharmaceuticals and Therapeutic Agents 25Companionship and Pleasure 25Faithful Stewards 27Draft Power and Transportation 28Manure, Crop Residues, and Food Processing Wastes 28Biomedical Research 31Summary 31Chapter 3 Animal Agriculture In The United States And The World 33Historical Perspective 33Animal and Crop Production Profiles in the World 33Animal and Crop Production Profiles in the United States 38The Place of the United States in World Animal Agriculture 49Summary 50Section TwoChapter 4 Reproduction 52Gonadotropic Hormones and Their Functions 53Male Organs of Reproduction and Their Functions 54Female Organs of Reproduction and Their Functions 59The Estrous Cycle 63Pregnancy 65Parturition 67Artificial Insemination 69Estrus Detection 72Estrus Synchronization 72Fertilization 73Embryo Transfer 74Summary 76Chapter 5 Lactation 81The Mammary Gland 81Milk Synthesis and Secretion 84Colostrum 86Milk Composition 87Milk Production 90Metabolic Cost of Lactation 95Summary 96Chapter 6 Genetics 99Introduction 99Genes and Chromosomes of the Cell 100Mitosis 106Meiosis 106Fertilization and Growth 107Dominant and Recessive Alleles for a Single Trait: Six Possible Outcomes 109Types of Gene Action 110Quantitatively Inherited Traits 112Selection 113Mating Systems 116Molecular Genetics 119Summary 122Chapter 7 Growth 127Methods of Expressing Growth 128Body Weight as a Measure of Growth 129Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, and Differentiation 131Growth of Brain, Skeleton, Muscle, and Adipose Tissue 134Strategies for Regulating Growth 140Growth of Placenta, Fetus, and Mammary Tissues in Mammals and Embryo in Birds 140Summary 144Chapter 8 Nutrition And Feeding 146Nutrients 147The Gastrointestinal Tract: Structure, Digestion, and Absorption 176Factors Affecting Feed Consumption 182Feeds and Feeding 183Summary 196Section ThreeChapter 9 Animal Husbandry: Fulfilling Animal Needs 212Space and Place 213Thermal Environment 214Light Environment 219Environmental Effects on Animal Health 222Air Pollution in Animal Houses 224Effects of High Altitude 224Animal-Human Interactions 225Animal Accommodations 226Assessing Environmental Quality 229Summary 230Chapter 10 Animal States-Of-Being 232Domestication and Adaptability 232Multifaceted Internal and External Environments 233Environmental Adaptability 236Animal Needs 238Inevitable Compromises 242A Public Issue: Farm-Animal Welfare 243Summary 247Chapter 11 New And Emerging Issues 251Plant-Animal Ecosystems 252Ecological Balance and Environmental Quality 253Animal Well-Being 257Biological Diversity 259Biotechnology 262Food Safety 265Economic Support for Agriculture 268Challenges and Opportunities for Animal Science Graduates in the Twenty-first Century 270Summary 271Section FourChapter 12 Live Animal Evaluation: Beef Cattle, Sheep, And Swine 275Live Animal Evaluation: Past and Present 276Beef Cattle Evaluation 277Sheep Evaluation 286Swine Evaluation 292Summary 299Chapter 13 Dairy Cattle 301Changes and Trends in the Dairy Industry 302Dairy Cattle Breeds 306Milk Marketing 306Genetic Improvement 308Housing Systems 310Herd Health 316Nutrition and Feeding 316Reproductive Management 324Dairy Replacements 326Economics 329Summary 332Chapter 14 Beef Cattle 335Historical Aspects 336Cattle Statistics 336Production System 338Breeding and Genetic Considerations 342Reproductive Management 349Nutritional Management 353Herd Health Concerns 360General Management Considerations and Issues 363Summary 369Chapter 15 Poultry And Egg Production 373Integrated Production Systems 374Reproduction 375Breeding 377Incubation 379Brooding and Rearing 380Feeding and Nutrition 382Housing 383Equipment 388Lighting Poultry 389Production Systems 391Health Maintenance 396Summary 398Chapter 16 Horses And The Horse Industry 400History of the Horse and the Horse Industry in the United States 401Horse Care and Health Programs 414Nutrition 419Housing and Containment 425Raising Horses 426Breeding Horses 427Training Horses 435Buying and/or Selling a Horse 436Summary 438Chapter 17 Swine 441Description and Characteristics of Swine Production 442Issues Facing the Pork Industry 447Pork as Human Food 450Life Cycle 452Breeds 456Applied Genetics 457Nutrition and Feeding 462Health 469Types of Production 470Husbandry and Management 473Marketing 479Emerging Technologies 483Summary 483Chapter 18 Sheep And Goats 486Number of Sheep and Goats 487Breeds of Sheep and Goats 488Production Systems 490Breeding Management 493Feeding and Nutrition 494Gestational Concerns 499Lambing and Kidding Management 502Growing and Finishing 505Diseases and Parasites 505Marketing 507Summary 507Chapter 19 Aquatic Animans 510Evolution of Aquaculture 511Benefits of Aquaculture 511Comparison of Feeding Fish versus Livestock 512Feeding and Nutrition 513Aquaculture and the Environment 515Commercial Aquaculture 516Summary 524Chapter 20 Dogs And Cats 526Dogs and Cats in American Society 527Careers in the pet Industry 529Nutritional Requirements of Dogs and Cats 530Basic Health Care 538Reproduction in the Kennel or Cattery 545Development and Socialization of Puppies and Kittens 548Summary 549Chapter 21 Other Animals, Other Uses, Other Opportunities 553Animals for Food, Hides, and Fiber 554Animals Raised for Fur 574Animals in Research 575Animals as Tissue and Organ Donors 576Animals as Pets and Companions 578Animals in Zoos and Aquariums 579Summary 580Section FiveChapter 22 Meat And Meat Products 584Modern Methods of Processing Carcasses 585Distribution of Meat and Meat products 586Packaging of Retail Meat Cuts 587The Diet/Health "Scare" for Red Meats and the Response by the Livestock Industry 588Low Fat Meats 589The Other White Meat 589Slaughter Plant Size 591Food Safety 592U.S. Meat Production 593Meat Inspection 593Hazard Analysis Critical control points 595Carcass Composition 595Composition of Muscle 597Age, Sex, Weight, Fatness, Grade and Breed Effects on Meat Quality and Value 599Effects of Fatness on Meat Palatability 605Effects of Cooking 607Why Meat Retail Cuts Differ in Price 608Summary 610Chapter 23 Milk And Milk Products 612Composition of Milk and Dairy Foods 614Milk Microbiology 616Milk Processing 621Processing of Cultured Byproducts 627Other Products 629Defects 631Cleaning and Sanitation of Dairy Plant Systems 633Operating Efficiencies 635In-Plant Quality Audits 635Summary 635Chapter 24 Poultry And Egg Processing And Products 637Poultry Meat 637Eggs 646Liquid Eggs 650Summary 652Chapter 25 Aquaculture Products 654Importance of Aquaculture Products 654Nutritional Value of Fish 655Processing and Marketing and Aquaculture Products 657Quality 658Future of Aquaculture Products 660Summary 660Chapter 26 Wool Mohair And Other Animal Fibers 663Wool 663Mohair 674Other Animal Fibers 675Pelts skins and sides 676Summary 678Chapter 27 The Future: Animals And Society In The 21st Century 682Demand for Animal Products 683Food Resources 684Trends and Expectations on the Nature of U.S. Animal Agriculture 684Opportunities in Animal Agriculture 686Summary 687Appendices A-1Index I-1