MOHAMED E. EL-HAWARY received a bachelor of engineering degree in electrical engineering from the University of Alexandria in Egypt and a PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Alberta, Canada. He is currently Associate Dean of Engineering at DalTech of Dalhousie University. Dr. El-Hawary is a Fellow of both the IEEE and the Engineering Institute of Canada.

• PREFACE ixChapter 1 INTRODUCTION 11.1 Electric Machines 11.2 Roots in Observation 21.3 Beginnings 31.4 Foundations of Electromagnetism 51.5 The Dawn of Electrodynamics 71.6 Early Electric Generators 91.7 Early Electric Motors 101.8 Alternating Current 111.9 Power Electronics: Scope and A Brief History 131.10 Structure of the Power System 181.11 Outline of the Text 21Chapter 2 PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROMAGNETISM AND ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION 232.1 Introduction 232.2 Magnetic-Field Laws 242.3 Permeability and Magnetic-Field Intensity 312.4 Magnetic Circuits 352.5 Flux Linkages, Induced Voltages, Inductance, and Energy 502.6 Hysteresis Loop 542.7 Eddy-Current and Core Losses 592.8 Energy Flow Approach 602.9 Field Energy 642.10 Multiply Excited Systems 692.11 Reluctance Motors 722.12 Doubly Excited Systems 752.13 Salient-Pole Machines 772.14 Round or Smooth Air-Gap Machines 802.15 Machine-Type Classification 842.16 P-Pole Machines 85Problems 89Chapter 3 POWER ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS 1033.1 Introduction 1033.2 Power Semiconductor Devices 1033.3 Control Characteristics of Power Devices 1063.4 Power Semiconductor Diodes 1083.5 Power Transistors 1153.6 The Thyristors 1383.7 Power Electronic Systems 1753.8 Power Integrated Circuits and Smart Power 178Problems 179Chapter 4 DIRECT-CURRENT MOTORS 1834.1 Introduction 1834.2 Construction Features 1844.3 Circuit Model of dc Generator 1854.4 Circuit Model of dc Motors 1874.5 dc Series Motors 1904.6 dc Shunt Motors 2034.7 Compound Motors 2124.8 Motor and Load Matching 2244.9 Conventional Speed Control of dc Motors 2244.10 Reversal of Direction of Rotation 2414.11 Starting dc Motors 2414.12 Adjustable Speed dc Motor Drives 2514.13 ac-dc Drives for dc Motors 2554.14 dc-dc Drives for dc Motors 261Problems 265Chapter 5 TRANSFORMERS 2735.1 Introduction 2735.2 Ideal Transformers 2745.3 Transformer Models 2785.4 Transformer Performance Measures 2865.5 Single-Phase Connections 2925.6 Three-Winding Transformers 2965.7 Three-Phase Systems and Transformer Connections 3005.8 Autotransformers 313Problems 316Chapter 6 INDUCTION MOTORS AND THEIR CONTROL 3236.1 Introduction 3236.2 MMF Waves and the Rotating Magnetic Field 3246.3 Slip 3296.4 Equivalent Circuits 3316.5 Simplified Equivalent Circuits 3346.6 Torque Characteristics 3386.7 Some Useful Relations 3416.8 Internal Mechanical Power 3446.9 Effects of Rotor Impedance 3486.10 Classification of Induction Motors 3516.11 Starting Induction Motors 3546.12 Conventional Speed Control of Induction Motors 3626.13 Adjustable Speed Drives: General Considerations 3706.14 Variable-Voltage-Constant-Frequency Drives 3726.15 Variable-Voltage-Variable-Frequency Drives 3766.16 dc-Link-Converter Drives 3816.17 Voltage-Fed Inverter Drives 3836.18 Current-Fed Inverter Drives 3856.19 Cycloconverter Drives 3866.20 Regulation of Slip Power 387Problems 389Chapter 7 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 3977.1 Introduction 3977.2 Round-Rotor Machines: Equivalent Circuit 4017.3 Armature Reaction 4067.4 Principal Steady-State Characteristics 4107.5 Power Angle Characteristics and the Infinite-Bus Concept 4157.6 Synchronous-Motor Operation 4237.7 Salient-Pole Machines 430Problems 437Chapter 8 FRACTIONAL-HORSEPOWER ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTORS 4438.1 Introduction 4438.2 Rotating Magnetic Fields in Single-Phase Induction Motors 4438.3 Equivalent Circuits for Single-Phase Induction Motors 4488.4 Power and Torque Relations 4548.5 Starting Single-Phase Induction Motors 459Problems 473BIBLIOGRAPHY 475INDEX 477

MOHAMED E. EL-HAWARY received a bachelor of engineering degree in electrical engineering from the University of Alexandria in Egypt and a PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Alberta, Canada. He is currently Associate Dean of Engineering at DalTech of Dalhousie University. Dr. El-Hawary is a Fellow of both the IEEE and the Engineering Institute of Canada.

• PREFACE ixChapter 1 INTRODUCTION 11.1 Electric Machines 11.2 Roots in Observation 21.3 Beginnings 31.4 Foundations of Electromagnetism 51.5 The Dawn of Electrodynamics 71.6 Early Electric Generators 91.7 Early Electric Motors 101.8 Alternating Current 111.9 Power Electronics: Scope and A Brief History 131.10 Structure of the Power System 181.11 Outline of the Text 21Chapter 2 PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROMAGNETISM AND ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION 232.1 Introduction 232.2 Magnetic-Field Laws 242.3 Permeability and Magnetic-Field Intensity 312.4 Magnetic Circuits 352.5 Flux Linkages, Induced Voltages, Inductance, and Energy 502.6 Hysteresis Loop 542.7 Eddy-Current and Core Losses 592.8 Energy Flow Approach 602.9 Field Energy 642.10 Multiply Excited Systems 692.11 Reluctance Motors 722.12 Doubly Excited Systems 752.13 Salient-Pole Machines 772.14 Round or Smooth Air-Gap Machines 802.15 Machine-Type Classification 842.16 P-Pole Machines 85Problems 89Chapter 3 POWER ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS 1033.1 Introduction 1033.2 Power Semiconductor Devices 1033.3 Control Characteristics of Power Devices 1063.4 Power Semiconductor Diodes 1083.5 Power Transistors 1153.6 The Thyristors 1383.7 Power Electronic Systems 1753.8 Power Integrated Circuits and Smart Power 178Problems 179Chapter 4 DIRECT-CURRENT MOTORS 1834.1 Introduction 1834.2 Construction Features 1844.3 Circuit Model of dc Generator 1854.4 Circuit Model of dc Motors 1874.5 dc Series Motors 1904.6 dc Shunt Motors 2034.7 Compound Motors 2124.8 Motor and Load Matching 2244.9 Conventional Speed Control of dc Motors 2244.10 Reversal of Direction of Rotation 2414.11 Starting dc Motors 2414.12 Adjustable Speed dc Motor Drives 2514.13 ac-dc Drives for dc Motors 2554.14 dc-dc Drives for dc Motors 261Problems 265Chapter 5 TRANSFORMERS 2735.1 Introduction 2735.2 Ideal Transformers 2745.3 Transformer Models 2785.4 Transformer Performance Measures 2865.5 Single-Phase Connections 2925.6 Three-Winding Transformers 2965.7 Three-Phase Systems and Transformer Connections 3005.8 Autotransformers 313Problems 316Chapter 6 INDUCTION MOTORS AND THEIR CONTROL 3236.1 Introduction 3236.2 MMF Waves and the Rotating Magnetic Field 3246.3 Slip 3296.4 Equivalent Circuits 3316.5 Simplified Equivalent Circuits 3346.6 Torque Characteristics 3386.7 Some Useful Relations 3416.8 Internal Mechanical Power 3446.9 Effects of Rotor Impedance 3486.10 Classification of Induction Motors 3516.11 Starting Induction Motors 3546.12 Conventional Speed Control of Induction Motors 3626.13 Adjustable Speed Drives: General Considerations 3706.14 Variable-Voltage-Constant-Frequency Drives 3726.15 Variable-Voltage-Variable-Frequency Drives 3766.16 dc-Link-Converter Drives 3816.17 Voltage-Fed Inverter Drives 3836.18 Current-Fed Inverter Drives 3856.19 Cycloconverter Drives 3866.20 Regulation of Slip Power 387Problems 389Chapter 7 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 3977.1 Introduction 3977.2 Round-Rotor Machines: Equivalent Circuit 4017.3 Armature Reaction 4067.4 Principal Steady-State Characteristics 4107.5 Power Angle Characteristics and the Infinite-Bus Concept 4157.6 Synchronous-Motor Operation 4237.7 Salient-Pole Machines 430Problems 437Chapter 8 FRACTIONAL-HORSEPOWER ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTORS 4438.1 Introduction 4438.2 Rotating Magnetic Fields in Single-Phase Induction Motors 4438.3 Equivalent Circuits for Single-Phase Induction Motors 4488.4 Power and Torque Relations 4548.5 Starting Single-Phase Induction Motors 459Problems 473BIBLIOGRAPHY 475INDEX 477

MOHAMED E. EL-HAWARY received a bachelor of engineering degree in electrical engineering from the University of Alexandria in Egypt and a PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Alberta, Canada. He is currently Associate Dean of Engineering at DalTech of Dalhousie University. Dr. El-Hawary is a Fellow of both the IEEE and the Engineering Institute of Canada.

• PREFACE ixChapter 1 INTRODUCTION 11.1 Electric Machines 11.2 Roots in Observation 21.3 Beginnings 31.4 Foundations of Electromagnetism 51.5 The Dawn of Electrodynamics 71.6 Early Electric Generators 91.7 Early Electric Motors 101.8 Alternating Current 111.9 Power Electronics: Scope and A Brief History 131.10 Structure of the Power System 181.11 Outline of the Text 21Chapter 2 PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROMAGNETISM AND ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION 232.1 Introduction 232.2 Magnetic-Field Laws 242.3 Permeability and Magnetic-Field Intensity 312.4 Magnetic Circuits 352.5 Flux Linkages, Induced Voltages, Inductance, and Energy 502.6 Hysteresis Loop 542.7 Eddy-Current and Core Losses 592.8 Energy Flow Approach 602.9 Field Energy 642.10 Multiply Excited Systems 692.11 Reluctance Motors 722.12 Doubly Excited Systems 752.13 Salient-Pole Machines 772.14 Round or Smooth Air-Gap Machines 802.15 Machine-Type Classification 842.16 P-Pole Machines 85Problems 89Chapter 3 POWER ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS 1033.1 Introduction 1033.2 Power Semiconductor Devices 1033.3 Control Characteristics of Power Devices 1063.4 Power Semiconductor Diodes 1083.5 Power Transistors 1153.6 The Thyristors 1383.7 Power Electronic Systems 1753.8 Power Integrated Circuits and Smart Power 178Problems 179Chapter 4 DIRECT-CURRENT MOTORS 1834.1 Introduction 1834.2 Construction Features 1844.3 Circuit Model of dc Generator 1854.4 Circuit Model of dc Motors 1874.5 dc Series Motors 1904.6 dc Shunt Motors 2034.7 Compound Motors 2124.8 Motor and Load Matching 2244.9 Conventional Speed Control of dc Motors 2244.10 Reversal of Direction of Rotation 2414.11 Starting dc Motors 2414.12 Adjustable Speed dc Motor Drives 2514.13 ac-dc Drives for dc Motors 2554.14 dc-dc Drives for dc Motors 261Problems 265Chapter 5 TRANSFORMERS 2735.1 Introduction 2735.2 Ideal Transformers 2745.3 Transformer Models 2785.4 Transformer Performance Measures 2865.5 Single-Phase Connections 2925.6 Three-Winding Transformers 2965.7 Three-Phase Systems and Transformer Connections 3005.8 Autotransformers 313Problems 316Chapter 6 INDUCTION MOTORS AND THEIR CONTROL 3236.1 Introduction 3236.2 MMF Waves and the Rotating Magnetic Field 3246.3 Slip 3296.4 Equivalent Circuits 3316.5 Simplified Equivalent Circuits 3346.6 Torque Characteristics 3386.7 Some Useful Relations 3416.8 Internal Mechanical Power 3446.9 Effects of Rotor Impedance 3486.10 Classification of Induction Motors 3516.11 Starting Induction Motors 3546.12 Conventional Speed Control of Induction Motors 3626.13 Adjustable Speed Drives: General Considerations 3706.14 Variable-Voltage-Constant-Frequency Drives 3726.15 Variable-Voltage-Variable-Frequency Drives 3766.16 dc-Link-Converter Drives 3816.17 Voltage-Fed Inverter Drives 3836.18 Current-Fed Inverter Drives 3856.19 Cycloconverter Drives 3866.20 Regulation of Slip Power 387Problems 389Chapter 7 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 3977.1 Introduction 3977.2 Round-Rotor Machines: Equivalent Circuit 4017.3 Armature Reaction 4067.4 Principal Steady-State Characteristics 4107.5 Power Angle Characteristics and the Infinite-Bus Concept 4157.6 Synchronous-Motor Operation 4237.7 Salient-Pole Machines 430Problems 437Chapter 8 FRACTIONAL-HORSEPOWER ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTORS 4438.1 Introduction 4438.2 Rotating Magnetic Fields in Single-Phase Induction Motors 4438.3 Equivalent Circuits for Single-Phase Induction Motors 4488.4 Power and Torque Relations 4548.5 Starting Single-Phase Induction Motors 459Problems 473BIBLIOGRAPHY 475INDEX 477