Prevention and Control of Accidental Releases of Hazardous Gases

VASILIS M. FTHENAKIS is the founder and director of the Center for Life Cycle Analysis, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA. He is also a senior scientist emeritus at Brookhaven National Laboratory where he conducted research for 36 years and directed the National Photovoltaics Environmental Research Center and several international networks. Dr. Fthenakis is the coauthor and editor of four books and about 400 scientific publications on topics at the interface of energy life cycles and the environment. Currently, he is leading research on solar desalination, energy systems modeling, life-cycle analysis, chemical process safety, and PV recycling. Vasilis Fthenakis is the recipient of the William R. Cherry Award 2018. The Cherry Award recognizes an individual engineer or scientist who has made a significant contribution to the advancement of the science and technology of photovoltaic energy conversion, with dissemination by substantial publications and presentations.

• Accidents, Prevention, and Mitigation Options. Process and Design Options for Inherently Safer Plants. Hazardous Gas Detection and Monitoring Systems. Accident Prevention: Lessons Learned. Discharge Rates Through Holes in Process Vessels and Piping. Passive Near-Field Mitigation. Vapor Barriers. Foam Blanketing: The Use of Foam to Mitigate the Vapor Hazard of Spilled Volatile Chemicals. Foam Scrubbing. Water Fog Applications for Unconfined Ammonia Releases. Mitigation of Hydrogen Fluoride Aerosol Clouds with Water Sprays. Modeling of Water Spraying of Toxic Gas Releases. Containment and Separation Equipment for Multi-phase Confined Releases. Containment Enclosures. Hazard Reduction Benefits from Reduced Storage Temperature of Pressurized Liquids. Control of Liquefied Toxic Gas Releases. Reliability Analysis of Safety and Control Systems. Guidelines for Accident Prevention and Emergency Preparedness. Emergency Preparedness and Response. Index.