Kenneth Burke has been termed "simply the finest literary critic in the world, and perhaps the finest since Coleridge" (Stanley Edgar Hyman, The New Leader). Mr. Burke has published ten other works with the University of California Press: Towards a Better Life (1966); Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method (1966) Collected Poems, 1915-1967 (1968); The Complete White Oxen: Collected Short Fiction of Kenneth Burke (1968); A Grammar of Motives (1969); Permanence and Change: An Anatomy of Purpose (1984); The Philosophy of Literary Form (1974); A Rhetoric of Motives (1969); The Rhetoric of Religion: Studies in Logology (1970); and Attitudes Toward History, Third Edition (1984).

• INTRODUCTIONPROLOGUEPART ION INTERPRETATIONCHAPTER I: ORIENTATIONAll Living Things Are CriticsVeblen's Concept of "Trained Incapacity"Training, Means-Selecting, and EscapeThe Pavlov, Watson, and Gestalt Experiments in MeaningThe Scapegoat as an Error in InterpretationConnection between Rationalization and OrientationCHAPTER II: MOTIVESMotives Are Subdivisions in a Larger Frame of MeaningThe Pleasure Principle in OrientationThe Strategy of MotivesFurther Consideration of Motive as Part of a Larger WholeMotives Are Shorthand Terms for SituationsCHAPTER III: OCCUPATIONAL PSYCHOSISThe Nature of InterestOccupational Psychoses of the PresentThe Technological PsychosisEffects upon LiteratureOccupational Psychosis as Trained IncapacityCHAPTER IV: STYLEThe Essence of Stylistic AppealVarious Romantic SolutionsThe Need for DefinitionCHAPTER V: MAGIC, RELIGION, AND SCIENCEThe Three Orders of RationalizationA Humanistic, or Poetic, RationalizationPART IIPERSPECTIVE BY INCONGRUITYCHAPTER I: THE RANGE OF PIETYMagical and Utilitarian MeaningsPiety As a System-builderCHAPTER II: NEW MEANINGSThe Factor of Impiety in EvangelismNecessitous and Symbolic LaborReservations Concerning LogicPiety-impiety Conflict in NietzscheCHAPTER III: PERSPECTIVE AS METAPHORIllustrations of Perspective by IncongruityPlanned Incongruity in BergsonThe Function of MetaphorCHAPTER IV: ARGUMENT BY ANALOGYAnalogy and ProofTests of SuccessClassification Dictated by InterestInterrelation of Analogy, Metaphor, Abstraction,Classification, Interest, Expectancy, and IntentionThe Search for Analogous ProcessesAn Incongruous Assortment of IncongruitiesCHAPTER V: SECULAR CONVERSIONSThe Fundamentals of PsychoanalysisMcDougall's Modifications of FreudianismExorcism by MisnomerExamination of a Case Described by RiversConversion and the Lex ContinuiCHAPTER VI: MEANING AND REGRESSIONPure, or Unmixed, ResponsesConversion and Regression in ReligionCONCLUSIONA Historical ParallelTowards a Philosophy of BeingPART IIITHE BASIS OF SIMPLIFICATIONCHAPTER I: CAUSALITY AND COMMUNICATIONMajor Shifts in PerspectiveThe Rock of CertaintyTwo Aspects of SpeechCHAPTER II: PERMANENCE AND CHANGEModern Parallels to Ancient ThoughtCHAPTER III: SECULAR MYSTICISM IN BENTHAMBentham's "Table of the Springs of Action"CHAPTER IV: THE ETHICAL CONFUSIONRecommending by TragedyThe Peace-war ConflictCritique of Veblen's SolutionEgoistic-altruistic MergerEthicizing of the Means of SupportVariants of the Ethicizing TendencyThe "Pathetic Fallacy"CHAPTER V: THE SEARCH FOR MOTIVESMagical and Scientific InterpretationStatistical MotivesWhere Scientists and Mystics MeetThe Basis of ReferenceThe Part and the WholeOutlines of a "Metabiology"CHAPTER VI: OCCUPATION AND PREOCCUPATIONExtending the Concept of OccupationAmbivalence of Weakness and ProwessCHAPTER VII: THE POETRY OF ACTIONThe Mystic's Sterilization of CombatIn Qualified Defense of LawrenceRecalcitranceCONCLUSIONSAPPENDIXOn Human Behavior, Considered "Dramatistically"AFTERWORDPermanence and Change: In RetrospectiveProspect

Kenneth Burke has been termed "simply the finest literary critic in the world, and perhaps the finest since Coleridge" (Stanley Edgar Hyman, The New Leader). Mr. Burke has published ten other works with the University of California Press: Towards a Better Life (1966); Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method (1966) Collected Poems, 1915-1967 (1968); The Complete White Oxen: Collected Short Fiction of Kenneth Burke (1968); A Grammar of Motives (1969); Permanence and Change: An Anatomy of Purpose (1984); The Philosophy of Literary Form (1974); A Rhetoric of Motives (1969); The Rhetoric of Religion: Studies in Logology (1970); and Attitudes Toward History, Third Edition (1984).

• INTRODUCTIONPROLOGUEPART ION INTERPRETATIONCHAPTER I: ORIENTATIONAll Living Things Are CriticsVeblen's Concept of "Trained Incapacity"Training, Means-Selecting, and EscapeThe Pavlov, Watson, and Gestalt Experiments in MeaningThe Scapegoat as an Error in InterpretationConnection between Rationalization and OrientationCHAPTER II: MOTIVESMotives Are Subdivisions in a Larger Frame of MeaningThe Pleasure Principle in OrientationThe Strategy of MotivesFurther Consideration of Motive as Part of a Larger WholeMotives Are Shorthand Terms for SituationsCHAPTER III: OCCUPATIONAL PSYCHOSISThe Nature of InterestOccupational Psychoses of the PresentThe Technological PsychosisEffects upon LiteratureOccupational Psychosis as Trained IncapacityCHAPTER IV: STYLEThe Essence of Stylistic AppealVarious Romantic SolutionsThe Need for DefinitionCHAPTER V: MAGIC, RELIGION, AND SCIENCEThe Three Orders of RationalizationA Humanistic, or Poetic, RationalizationPART IIPERSPECTIVE BY INCONGRUITYCHAPTER I: THE RANGE OF PIETYMagical and Utilitarian MeaningsPiety As a System-builderCHAPTER II: NEW MEANINGSThe Factor of Impiety in EvangelismNecessitous and Symbolic LaborReservations Concerning LogicPiety-impiety Conflict in NietzscheCHAPTER III: PERSPECTIVE AS METAPHORIllustrations of Perspective by IncongruityPlanned Incongruity in BergsonThe Function of MetaphorCHAPTER IV: ARGUMENT BY ANALOGYAnalogy and ProofTests of SuccessClassification Dictated by InterestInterrelation of Analogy, Metaphor, Abstraction,Classification, Interest, Expectancy, and IntentionThe Search for Analogous ProcessesAn Incongruous Assortment of IncongruitiesCHAPTER V: SECULAR CONVERSIONSThe Fundamentals of PsychoanalysisMcDougall's Modifications of FreudianismExorcism by MisnomerExamination of a Case Described by RiversConversion and the Lex ContinuiCHAPTER VI: MEANING AND REGRESSIONPure, or Unmixed, ResponsesConversion and Regression in ReligionCONCLUSIONA Historical ParallelTowards a Philosophy of BeingPART IIITHE BASIS OF SIMPLIFICATIONCHAPTER I: CAUSALITY AND COMMUNICATIONMajor Shifts in PerspectiveThe Rock of CertaintyTwo Aspects of SpeechCHAPTER II: PERMANENCE AND CHANGEModern Parallels to Ancient ThoughtCHAPTER III: SECULAR MYSTICISM IN BENTHAMBentham's "Table of the Springs of Action"CHAPTER IV: THE ETHICAL CONFUSIONRecommending by TragedyThe Peace-war ConflictCritique of Veblen's SolutionEgoistic-altruistic MergerEthicizing of the Means of SupportVariants of the Ethicizing TendencyThe "Pathetic Fallacy"CHAPTER V: THE SEARCH FOR MOTIVESMagical and Scientific InterpretationStatistical MotivesWhere Scientists and Mystics MeetThe Basis of ReferenceThe Part and the WholeOutlines of a "Metabiology"CHAPTER VI: OCCUPATION AND PREOCCUPATIONExtending the Concept of OccupationAmbivalence of Weakness and ProwessCHAPTER VII: THE POETRY OF ACTIONThe Mystic's Sterilization of CombatIn Qualified Defense of LawrenceRecalcitranceCONCLUSIONSAPPENDIXOn Human Behavior, Considered "Dramatistically"AFTERWORDPermanence and Change: In RetrospectiveProspect

Kenneth Burke has been termed "simply the finest literary critic in the world, and perhaps the finest since Coleridge" (Stanley Edgar Hyman, The New Leader). Mr. Burke has published ten other works with the University of California Press: Towards a Better Life (1966); Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method (1966) Collected Poems, 1915-1967 (1968); The Complete White Oxen: Collected Short Fiction of Kenneth Burke (1968); A Grammar of Motives (1969); Permanence and Change: An Anatomy of Purpose (1984); The Philosophy of Literary Form (1974); A Rhetoric of Motives (1969); The Rhetoric of Religion: Studies in Logology (1970); and Attitudes Toward History, Third Edition (1984).

• INTRODUCTIONPROLOGUEPART ION INTERPRETATIONCHAPTER I: ORIENTATIONAll Living Things Are CriticsVeblen's Concept of "Trained Incapacity"Training, Means-Selecting, and EscapeThe Pavlov, Watson, and Gestalt Experiments in MeaningThe Scapegoat as an Error in InterpretationConnection between Rationalization and OrientationCHAPTER II: MOTIVESMotives Are Subdivisions in a Larger Frame of MeaningThe Pleasure Principle in OrientationThe Strategy of MotivesFurther Consideration of Motive as Part of a Larger WholeMotives Are Shorthand Terms for SituationsCHAPTER III: OCCUPATIONAL PSYCHOSISThe Nature of InterestOccupational Psychoses of the PresentThe Technological PsychosisEffects upon LiteratureOccupational Psychosis as Trained IncapacityCHAPTER IV: STYLEThe Essence of Stylistic AppealVarious Romantic SolutionsThe Need for DefinitionCHAPTER V: MAGIC, RELIGION, AND SCIENCEThe Three Orders of RationalizationA Humanistic, or Poetic, RationalizationPART IIPERSPECTIVE BY INCONGRUITYCHAPTER I: THE RANGE OF PIETYMagical and Utilitarian MeaningsPiety As a System-builderCHAPTER II: NEW MEANINGSThe Factor of Impiety in EvangelismNecessitous and Symbolic LaborReservations Concerning LogicPiety-impiety Conflict in NietzscheCHAPTER III: PERSPECTIVE AS METAPHORIllustrations of Perspective by IncongruityPlanned Incongruity in BergsonThe Function of MetaphorCHAPTER IV: ARGUMENT BY ANALOGYAnalogy and ProofTests of SuccessClassification Dictated by InterestInterrelation of Analogy, Metaphor, Abstraction,Classification, Interest, Expectancy, and IntentionThe Search for Analogous ProcessesAn Incongruous Assortment of IncongruitiesCHAPTER V: SECULAR CONVERSIONSThe Fundamentals of PsychoanalysisMcDougall's Modifications of FreudianismExorcism by MisnomerExamination of a Case Described by RiversConversion and the Lex ContinuiCHAPTER VI: MEANING AND REGRESSIONPure, or Unmixed, ResponsesConversion and Regression in ReligionCONCLUSIONA Historical ParallelTowards a Philosophy of BeingPART IIITHE BASIS OF SIMPLIFICATIONCHAPTER I: CAUSALITY AND COMMUNICATIONMajor Shifts in PerspectiveThe Rock of CertaintyTwo Aspects of SpeechCHAPTER II: PERMANENCE AND CHANGEModern Parallels to Ancient ThoughtCHAPTER III: SECULAR MYSTICISM IN BENTHAMBentham's "Table of the Springs of Action"CHAPTER IV: THE ETHICAL CONFUSIONRecommending by TragedyThe Peace-war ConflictCritique of Veblen's SolutionEgoistic-altruistic MergerEthicizing of the Means of SupportVariants of the Ethicizing TendencyThe "Pathetic Fallacy"CHAPTER V: THE SEARCH FOR MOTIVESMagical and Scientific InterpretationStatistical MotivesWhere Scientists and Mystics MeetThe Basis of ReferenceThe Part and the WholeOutlines of a "Metabiology"CHAPTER VI: OCCUPATION AND PREOCCUPATIONExtending the Concept of OccupationAmbivalence of Weakness and ProwessCHAPTER VII: THE POETRY OF ACTIONThe Mystic's Sterilization of CombatIn Qualified Defense of LawrenceRecalcitranceCONCLUSIONSAPPENDIXOn Human Behavior, Considered "Dramatistically"AFTERWORDPermanence and Change: In RetrospectiveProspect