Black and Blue

John Hoberman is the author of Darwin's Athletes: How Sport Has Damaged Black America, Preserved the Myth of Race, Mortal Engines: The Science of Performance and the Dehumanization of Sport, The Olympic Crisis: Sport, Politics, and the Moral Order, and Sport and Political Ideology.

"[An] eye-opening work... It is a pioneering, systematic study of racial issues in medicine/health care... Highly recommended." -- A. Y. Lee, George Mason University Choice "The book comes at a perfect time... Black & Blue goes where previous studies have not... An unapologetic and systematic analysis." -- Bill Maxwell Tampa Bay Times "Black and Blue should be required reading for medical students and physicians. It is a passionate read." -- Kim Read, Reference and Instruction Librarian - Clark College SRRT Reviews/Tumblr.com "[Those] who have an interest in the intersection of race and health should be introduced to Hoberman's comprehensive work on this thorny and important subject." -- Annelle B. Primm & Ezra E.H. Griffith American Journal of Psychiatry

• Acknowledgments 1. The Nature of Medical Racism: The Origins and Consequences of Medical Racism Introduction "Avoidance and Evasion" Judging How Physicians Behave Judging Physician Conduct: Privacy and the "Halo Effect" The Oral Tradition Physicians Share the Racial Attitudes of Their Fellow Citizens The Medical Liberals 2. Black Patients and White Doctors The African American Health Calamity: The Silence Medical Vulnerability and Racial Defamation How Do (White) Physicians Think About Race? Evidence of Medical Racism Resistance to the Critique of Racial Bias In Medicine Medical Liberalism and the Medical Literature The Physician's Private Sphere Playing Anthropologist From Racial Folklore to Racial Medicine 3. Medical Consequences of Racializing the Human Organism Racial Interpretations of Human Types and Traits Introduction Racial Interpretations of Black Infants and Children Racial Interpretations of the Black Elderly Racial Interpretations of the Black Athlete Racial Interpretations of Black Musical Aptitude Racial Interpretations of Losing Consciousness Racial Interpretations of the Nervous System Racial Interpretations of Pain Sensitivity Racial Interpretations of Heart Disease Racial Interpretations of Human Organs and Disorders Racial Interpretations of the Eyes Racial Interpretations of Black Skin Racial Interpretations of Human Teeth Racial Interpretations of "White" and "Black" Disorders Black "Hardiness" Physical Hardiness Emotional Hardiness Conclusion: How Human Organ Systems Acquire Racial Identities Racial Folklore In Medical Specialties A Century of Racial Pharmacology: From Racial Folklore to Racial Genetics The Role of Racial Folklore In Obstetrics and Gynecology During the Twentieth Century 4. Medical Apartheid, Internal Colonialism, and the Task of American Psychiatry Introduction "Africanizing" the Black Image American Psychiatry As Racial Medicine The Racial Primitive In American Psychiatry The Task of Black Psychiatry Colonial Medical Status 5. A Medical School Syllabus On Race Introduction The Doctor-Patient Relationship The Problem Patient Medical Authors' Aversion to Race Race and Medical Education: the Search For "Cultural Competence" Two official Versions of "Cultural Competence" Physicians' Beliefs About Racial Differences: A (Belated) Study A Medical Curriculum On Race Practical Advice For Physicians Social Class, Misdiagnoses, and Therapeutic Fatalism "Cultural Competence" As Knowledge of Stereotype Systems Raceless Humanism: "Medical Humanities" and the Evasion of Difference Medical Curriculum Change Is Possible: The Case of Abortion Training Notes Index