Research presented in this book was completed with the support of University of California Global Health Institute's (UCGHI)Center of Expertise (COE) on Women's Health, Gender, and Empowerment, whose leaders and members comprised the editorial team. Chapter authors include representatives and grantees from world-renowned organizations working at the intersection of women's health, gender, and empowerment, including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, CARE International, Department for International Development, GirlHub, National Institute of Health's Fogarty International Center, Nike Foundation, Packard Foundation, Population Council, Public Health Foundation of India, Sonke Gender Justice, and UNICEF. Lead Editors: Shari L. Dworkin is Professor and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Nursing. Monica Gandhi is Professor at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine. Paige Passano is Program Officer at the University of California, Berkeley's OASIS Initiative, a project of the Bixby Center for Population, Health, and Sustainability and the College of Natural Resources.

• List of Illustrations Introduction: Empowering Women for Health Gita Sen SECTION ONE. SOCIOCULTURAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND HEALTH SERVICE INTERVENTIONS AS TOOLS OF EMPOWERMENT Introduction Dallas Swendeman and Paula Tavrow 1. Taking Services to the Doorstep: Providing Rural Indian Women Greater Control over Their Fertility Pallavi Gupta, Kirti Iyengar, and Sharad Iyengar 2. Obstetric Fistula in Kenya: A Holistic Model of Outreach, Treatment, and Reintegration Lindsey Pollaczek, Paula Tavrow, and Habiba Mohamed 3. Pathways to Choice: Delaying Age of Marriage through Girls' Education in Northern Nigeria Daniel Perlman, Fatima Adamu, Mairo Mandara, Olorukooba Abiola, David Cao, and Malcolm Potts 4. Early Empowerment: The Evolution and Practice of Girls' "Boot Camps" in Kenya and Haiti Karen Austrian, Judith Bruce, and M. Catherine Maternowska 5. Empowerment and HIV Risk Reduction among Sex Workers in Bangladesh Victor Robinson, Theresa Y. Hwang, and Elisa Martinez 6. Gender Roles in U.S. Women with HIV: Intersection with Psychological and Physical Health Outcomes Leslie R. Brody, Sannisha K. Dale, Gwendolyn A. Kelso, Ruth C. Cruise, Kathleen M. Weber, Lynissa R. Stokes, and Mardge H. Cohen 7. Examining the Impact of a Masculinities-Based HIV Prevention and Antiviolence Program in Limpopo and Eastern Cape, South Africa Shari L. Dworkin, Abigail M. Hatcher, Christopher Colvin, and Dean Peacock SECTION TWO. STRUCTURAL (LEGAL/POLICY, ECONOMIC) INTERVENTIONS AS TOOLS OF EMPOWERMENT Introduction Shelly Grabe, Sheri Weiser, Shari L. Dworkin, Joanna Weinberg, and Lara Stemple 8. Empowering Adolescent Girls and Women for Improved Sexual Health in Zimbabwe: Lessons Learned from a Combined Livelihoods and Life Skills Intervention (SHAZ!) Megan S. Dunbar and Imelda Mudekunye-Mahaka 9. Is Microfi nance Coupled with Gender Training Empowering for Women? Lessons from the IMAGE Process Evaluation in Rural South Africa Abigail M. Hatcher, Jacques de Wet, Christopher Bonell, Godfrey Phetla, Vicki Strange, Paul Pronyk, Julia Kim, Linda Morison, Charlotte Watts, John Porter, and James R. Hargreaves 10. Older U.S. Women's Economic Security, Health, and Empowerment: The Fight against Opponents of Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid Carroll L. Estes 11. Women's Health and Empowerment after the Decriminalization of Abortion in Mexico City Gustavo Ortiz Millan 12. Impact of a Grassroots Property Rights Program on Women's Empowerment in Rural Kenya Kate Grunke-Horton and Shari L. Dworkin 13. Land Tenure and Women's Empowerment and Health: A Programmatic Evaluation of Structural Change in Nicaragua Shelly Grabe, Anjali Dutt, and Carlos Arenas Conclusions: A Twenty-First-Century Agenda for Women's Empowerment and Health Shari L. Dworkin and Lara Stemple List of Contributors Index

Research presented in this book was completed with the support of University of California Global Health Institute's (UCGHI)Center of Expertise (COE) on Women's Health, Gender, and Empowerment, whose leaders and members comprised the editorial team. Chapter authors include representatives and grantees from world-renowned organizations working at the intersection of women's health, gender, and empowerment, including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, CARE International, Department for International Development, GirlHub, National Institute of Health's Fogarty International Center, Nike Foundation, Packard Foundation, Population Council, Public Health Foundation of India, Sonke Gender Justice, and UNICEF. Lead Editors: Shari L. Dworkin is Professor and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Nursing. Monica Gandhi is Professor at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine. Paige Passano is Program Officer at the University of California, Berkeley's OASIS Initiative, a project of the Bixby Center for Population, Health, and Sustainability and the College of Natural Resources.

• List of Illustrations Introduction: Empowering Women for Health Gita Sen SECTION ONE. SOCIOCULTURAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND HEALTH SERVICE INTERVENTIONS AS TOOLS OF EMPOWERMENT Introduction Dallas Swendeman and Paula Tavrow 1. Taking Services to the Doorstep: Providing Rural Indian Women Greater Control over Their Fertility Pallavi Gupta, Kirti Iyengar, and Sharad Iyengar 2. Obstetric Fistula in Kenya: A Holistic Model of Outreach, Treatment, and Reintegration Lindsey Pollaczek, Paula Tavrow, and Habiba Mohamed 3. Pathways to Choice: Delaying Age of Marriage through Girls' Education in Northern Nigeria Daniel Perlman, Fatima Adamu, Mairo Mandara, Olorukooba Abiola, David Cao, and Malcolm Potts 4. Early Empowerment: The Evolution and Practice of Girls' "Boot Camps" in Kenya and Haiti Karen Austrian, Judith Bruce, and M. Catherine Maternowska 5. Empowerment and HIV Risk Reduction among Sex Workers in Bangladesh Victor Robinson, Theresa Y. Hwang, and Elisa Martinez 6. Gender Roles in U.S. Women with HIV: Intersection with Psychological and Physical Health Outcomes Leslie R. Brody, Sannisha K. Dale, Gwendolyn A. Kelso, Ruth C. Cruise, Kathleen M. Weber, Lynissa R. Stokes, and Mardge H. Cohen 7. Examining the Impact of a Masculinities-Based HIV Prevention and Antiviolence Program in Limpopo and Eastern Cape, South Africa Shari L. Dworkin, Abigail M. Hatcher, Christopher Colvin, and Dean Peacock SECTION TWO. STRUCTURAL (LEGAL/POLICY, ECONOMIC) INTERVENTIONS AS TOOLS OF EMPOWERMENT Introduction Shelly Grabe, Sheri Weiser, Shari L. Dworkin, Joanna Weinberg, and Lara Stemple 8. Empowering Adolescent Girls and Women for Improved Sexual Health in Zimbabwe: Lessons Learned from a Combined Livelihoods and Life Skills Intervention (SHAZ!) Megan S. Dunbar and Imelda Mudekunye-Mahaka 9. Is Microfi nance Coupled with Gender Training Empowering for Women? Lessons from the IMAGE Process Evaluation in Rural South Africa Abigail M. Hatcher, Jacques de Wet, Christopher Bonell, Godfrey Phetla, Vicki Strange, Paul Pronyk, Julia Kim, Linda Morison, Charlotte Watts, John Porter, and James R. Hargreaves 10. Older U.S. Women's Economic Security, Health, and Empowerment: The Fight against Opponents of Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid Carroll L. Estes 11. Women's Health and Empowerment after the Decriminalization of Abortion in Mexico City Gustavo Ortiz Millan 12. Impact of a Grassroots Property Rights Program on Women's Empowerment in Rural Kenya Kate Grunke-Horton and Shari L. Dworkin 13. Land Tenure and Women's Empowerment and Health: A Programmatic Evaluation of Structural Change in Nicaragua Shelly Grabe, Anjali Dutt, and Carlos Arenas Conclusions: A Twenty-First-Century Agenda for Women's Empowerment and Health Shari L. Dworkin and Lara Stemple List of Contributors Index