Revolutionary Breakthroughs and National Development: The Case of Romania, 1944–1965, by Kenneth Jowitt, offers a pioneering study of nation building through the lens of Romania’s transformation under a Leninist regime. Jowitt situates his work within the tradition of “theoretical case study,” combining comparative analysis with intensive examination of a single polity. He argues that without such comparative frameworks, processes like revolution, elite formation, and political integration risk being misunderstood as either unique anomalies or uniform occurrences. By drawing on broader theories of political development and then applying them to Romania, Jowitt is able to both refine the conceptual vocabulary of nation building and provide a detailed account of the distinctive features of a Leninist system grappling with the demands of modernization.At the heart of the book lies a dual inquiry: how Leninist regimes, as unique configurations of ideology, elites, and political communities, address the challenges of nation building, and how Romania specifically managed to redefine itself from a Soviet “satellite” to a largely self-directed state between 1944 and 1965. Jowitt dissects the Romanian Communist Party’s strategies, the ways its leadership framed questions of legitimacy, and the institutional adjustments that shaped political, social, and cultural integration. By situating Romania’s experience within a comparative framework, he highlights both the competencies and limitations of Leninist nation-building projects, showing how ideology and political organization mediated rapid social transformation. This volume thus speaks to political scientists, historians of Eastern Europe, and theorists of development alike, offering a rich model of how comparative case analysis can illuminate universal processes while also attending to the specificity of national experience.This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1971.