'… a fundamental reference for all work on the Proterozoic … a compulsory buy for any institution teaching Earth history.' Euan Nisbet, New Scientist

• Preface; List of abbreviations; 1. Introduction: reward-schedule effects and dispositional learning; 2. Motivational and associative mechanisms of behavior; 3. Frustration theory: an overview of its experimental basis; 4. Survival, durability, and transfer of persistence; 5. Discrimination learning and prediscrimination effects; 6. Alternatives and additions to frustration theory; 7. Ontogeny of dispositional learning and the reward-schedule effects; 8. Toward a developmental psychobiology of dispositional learning and memory; 9. Summing up: steps in the psychobiological study of related behavioral effects; 10. Application to humans: a recapitulation and an addendum; Appendix; References; Indexes.

'… a fundamental reference for all work on the Proterozoic … a compulsory buy for any institution teaching Earth history.' Euan Nisbet, New Scientist

• Preface; List of abbreviations; 1. Introduction: reward-schedule effects and dispositional learning; 2. Motivational and associative mechanisms of behavior; 3. Frustration theory: an overview of its experimental basis; 4. Survival, durability, and transfer of persistence; 5. Discrimination learning and prediscrimination effects; 6. Alternatives and additions to frustration theory; 7. Ontogeny of dispositional learning and the reward-schedule effects; 8. Toward a developmental psychobiology of dispositional learning and memory; 9. Summing up: steps in the psychobiological study of related behavioral effects; 10. Application to humans: a recapitulation and an addendum; Appendix; References; Indexes.