Michael Gelder – författare

Personality is now understood to be a function of both biological and environmental influences. This revised and updated edition of Psychobiology of Personality describes what is currently known about the biological basis of the primary personality traits, including genetic, neurological, biochemical, physiological, and behavioral influences. Emphasis is placed on understanding the connections between phenomena at these levels. The research discussed makes use of animal models, based on experimental brain research, as well as human clinical and normal personality research. Chapters are devoted to temperament and personality trait structure, psychobiological methods, and each of four major personality traits: extraversion, impulsive, sensation seeking, and aggression. Recent advances in psychobiological methods, such as molecular genetics and brain imaging have enabled us to begin to unravel the genetic and neurological sources of behavior and personality. These advances are discussed in this new edition, making it essential reading for advanced students of psychology and psychiatry.

What is the mind? How does it work? How does it influence behavior? Some psychologists hope to answer such questions in terms of concepts drawn from computer science and artificial intelligence. They test their theories by modeling mental processes in computers. This book shows how computer models are used to study many psychological phenomena - including vision, language, reasoning, and learning. It also shows that computer modeling involves differing theoretical approaches. Computational psychologists disagree about some basic questions. For instance, should the mind be modeled by digital computers, or by parallel-processing systems more like brains? Do computer programs consist of meaningless patterns, or do they embody (and explain) genuine meaning?

We live in a world in which inconsistency is the rule rather than the exception and this is particularly true for rewards and frustrations. In some cases, rewards and frustrative non-rewards appear randomly for what seems to be the same behaviour; in others a sequence of rewards is suddenly followed by non-rewards, or large rewards by small rewards. The important common factor in these and other cases is frustration - how we learn about it and how we respond to it. This book provides a basis in learning theory and particularly in frustration theory, for a comprehension not only of the mechanisms controlling these dispositions, but also of their order of appearance in early development and, to an approximation at least, their neural underpinnings.

This 1980 book provides a general but comprehensive study of the way in which animals learn and in particular, learn about the relationship between events in their environment. The study of animal learning and conditioning can be approached from two very different perspectives. The psychologist can focus directly on behaviour, relying on the conditioning experiment in his attempt to formulate behavioural laws and principles which will transcend the confines of the laboratory. The learning theorist however, is concerned not with behavioural change per se but rather with the way in which animals acquire knowledge through experience: the types of relationship to which they are sensitive, their representation of their knowledge about these and the mechanisms that control these representations. Dr Dickinson provides an integrated survey of the experimental and theoretical work which was being carried out as he wrote. The book will continue to interest scholars of animal learning theory.

Disappointment and recovery occur frequently in life; as does irritation regarding ones financial or economic state compared to others. Incentive relativity is the study of this phenomenon, and this book provides a full account of the subject, suitable for behavioral scientists and psychologists. The book shows that animals also respond on the basis of the relative value of rewards - current compared to previous, to the reward available in one situation versus what is available in another context. These relativity effects are stressful in animals but they may also be adaptive, driving animals to seek the best that is available. The book demonstrates that animal research may lead to an understanding of individual differences in discernment and susceptibility to disappointment and to an understanding of both the advantages and disadvantages of dissatisfaction.

It is hard to think of any significant aspect of our lives that is not influenced by what we have learned in the past. Of fundamental importance is our ability to learn the ways in which events are related to one another, called associative learning. This book provides a fresh look at associative learning theory and reviews extensively the advances made over the last twenty years. The Psychology of Associative Learning begins by establishing that the human associative learning system is rational in the sense that it accurately represents event relationships. David Shanks goes on to consider the informational basis of learning, in terms of the memorisation of instances, and discusses at length the application of connectionist models to human learning. The book concludes with an evaluation of the role of rule induction in associative learning. This will be essential reading for graduate students and final year undergraduates of psychology.

Genius: The Natural History of Creativity presents a novel theory of genius and creativity, based on the personality characteristics of creative persons and geniuses. Starting with the fact that genius and creativity are related to psychopathology, it uses modern research into the causes of cognitive over-inclusiveness to suggest possible applications of these theories to creativity. Professor Eysenck reports experimental research to support these theories in their application to creativity, as well as considering the role of intelligence, social status, gender and many other factors that have been linked with genius and creativity. The theory traces creativity from DNA through personality to special cognitive processes to genius.

Disappointment and recovery occur frequently in life; as does irritation regarding ones financial or economic state compared to others. Incentive relativity is the study of this phenomenon, and this book provides a full account of the subject, suitable for behavioral scientists and psychologists. The book shows that animals also respond on the basis of the relative value of rewards - current compared to previous, to the reward available in one situation versus what is available in another context. These relativity effects are stressful in animals but they may also be adaptive, driving animals to seek the best that is available. The book demonstrates that animal research may lead to an understanding of individual differences in discernment and susceptibility to disappointment and to an understanding of both the advantages and disadvantages of dissatisfaction.

Personality is now understood to be a function of both biological and environmental influences. This revised and updated edition of Psychobiology of Personality describes what is currently known about the biological basis of the primary personality traits, including genetic, neurological, biochemical, physiological, and behavioral influences. Emphasis is placed on understanding the connections between phenomena at these levels. The research discussed makes use of animal models, based on experimental brain research, as well as human clinical and normal personality research. Chapters are devoted to temperament and personality trait structure, psychobiological methods, and each of four major personality traits: extraversion, impulsive, sensation seeking, and aggression. Recent advances in psychobiological methods, such as molecular genetics and brain imaging have enabled us to begin to unravel the genetic and neurological sources of behavior and personality. These advances are discussed in this new edition, making it essential reading for advanced students of psychology and psychiatry.

Das Selbsthilfe-Manual besteht aus einem ersten Teil für die Betroffenen und einem zweiten Teil für deren Angehörige. Beide sollten jedoch beide Teile durcharbeiten, da sie nur begrenzt Wiederholungen beinhalten. Das Selbsthilfe-Programm sollte unter Anleitung und nur nach Absicherung der Diagnose Platzangst durch einen ärztlichen oder psychologischen Therapeuten angewendet werden.

In der Bundesrepublik leiden rund 3,5 % der Bevölkerung unter Platzangst, zu zwei Dritteln handelt es sich dabei um Frauen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Informations- und Selbsthilfe-Büchern über den Umgang mit Angst wendet sich dieses Buch spezifisch an Personen mit Platzangst, an deren Partner und Familienangehörige. Im Sinne eines gestuften Übungs-Kurses und in allgemeinverständlicher Form vermittelt das Buch einerseits das Grundverständnis für diese Erkrankung, zum anderen bietet es gezielte Maßnahmen an zur Überwindung der Angst und zum Abbau von Fehlverhalten. Das Therapeutenmanual setzt sich zusammen aus einer Anleitung für den Therapeuten und dem Selbsthilfemanual für den Patienten. Zu Beginn der Behandlung legt der Berater mit dem Patienten fest, wie dieser mit den Unterweisungen arbeiten soll. In bestimmten zeitlichen Abständen überprüft der Therapeut, ob sein Patient das Konzept verstanden hat und richtig anwenden kann. Dieses in Oxford entwickelte und später in Hamburg ins Deutsche übersetzte und überarbeitete Konzept berücksichtigt den jüngsten Kenntnisstand in der Angstforschung.

In der Bundesrepublik leiden rund 3,5 % der Bevölkerung unter Platzangst, zu zwei Dritteln handelt es sich dabei um Frauen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Informations- und Selbsthilfe-Büchern über den Umgang mit Angst wendet sich dieses Buch spezifisch an Personen mit Platzangst, an deren Partner und Familienangehörige. Im Sinne eines gestuften Übungs-Kurses und in allgemeinverständlicher Form vermittelt das Buch einerseits das Grundverständnis für diese Erkrankung, zum anderen bietet es gezielte Maßnahmen an zur Überwindung der Angst und zum Abbau von Fehlverhalten. Das Therapeutenmanual setzt sich zusammen aus einer Anleitung für den Therapeuten und dem Selbsthilfemanual für den Patienten. Zu Beginn der Behandlung legt der Berater mit dem Patienten fest, wie dieser mit den Unterweisungen arbeiten soll. In bestimmten zeitlichen Abständen überprüft der Therapeut, ob sein Patient das Konzept verstanden hat und richtig anwenden kann. Dieses in Oxford entwickelte und später in Hamburg ins Deutsche übersetzte und überarbeitete Konzept berücksichtigt den jüngsten Kenntnisstand in der Angstforschung.