'Martin A. Klein tells the story admirably; his research is based not only on the extensive use of archival and secondary materials, but also on interviews with the descendants of slaves and masters, whose memories of the past tend to be much harsher than the impressions of contemporary colonial observers.' The Times Literary Supplement

• 1. Slavery in the Western Sudan; 2. Abolition and retreat: Senegal, 1848–1876; 3. Slavery, slave-trading and social revolution; 4. Senegal after Brière; 5. Conquest of the Sudan: Desbordes to Archinard; 6. Senegal in the 1890s; 7. The end of the conquest; 8. The imposition of metropolitan priorities on slavery; 9. With smoke and mirrors: slavery and the conquest of Guinea; 10. The Banamba exodus; 11. French fears and the limits to an emancipation policy; 12. Looking for the tracks: how they did it; 13. After the war: renegotiating social relations; 14. A question of honour.

'Martin A. Klein tells the story admirably; his research is based not only on the extensive use of archival and secondary materials, but also on interviews with the descendants of slaves and masters, whose memories of the past tend to be much harsher than the impressions of contemporary colonial observers.' The Times Literary Supplement

• 1. Slavery in the Western Sudan; 2. Abolition and retreat: Senegal, 1848–1876; 3. Slavery, slave-trading and social revolution; 4. Senegal after Brière; 5. Conquest of the Sudan: Desbordes to Archinard; 6. Senegal in the 1890s; 7. The end of the conquest; 8. The imposition of metropolitan priorities on slavery; 9. With smoke and mirrors: slavery and the conquest of Guinea; 10. The Banamba exodus; 11. French fears and the limits to an emancipation policy; 12. Looking for the tracks: how they did it; 13. After the war: renegotiating social relations; 14. A question of honour.

'Martin A. Klein tells the story admirably; his research is based not only on the extensive use of archival and secondary materials, but also on interviews with the descendants of slaves and masters, whose memories of the past tend to be much harsher than the impressions of contemporary colonial observers.' The Times Literary Supplement

• 1. Slavery in the Western Sudan; 2. Abolition and retreat: Senegal, 1848–1876; 3. Slavery, slave-trading and social revolution; 4. Senegal after Brière; 5. Conquest of the Sudan: Desbordes to Archinard; 6. Senegal in the 1890s; 7. The end of the conquest; 8. The imposition of metropolitan priorities on slavery; 9. With smoke and mirrors: slavery and the conquest of Guinea; 10. The Banamba exodus; 11. French fears and the limits to an emancipation policy; 12. Looking for the tracks: how they did it; 13. After the war: renegotiating social relations; 14. A question of honour.