Richard W. Wrangham is Ruth B. Moore Professor of Biological Anthropology in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. William C. McGrew is Professor of Anthropology and Zoology at Miami University, Ohio. Frans B. M. de Waal was Charles Howard Candler Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Emory University and former director of the Living Links Center for the Advanced Study of Ape and Human Evolution at the Emory National Primate Research Center. Paul G. Heltne, zoologist and primatologist, is President Emeritus of the Chicago Academy of Sciences. Linda A. Marquardt was Editor of Publications at the Chicago Academy of Sciences between 1986 and 1992.

Chimpanzee Cultures beautifully conveys the experience of working with chimpanzees, our closest living relative...[It] gives us a better appreciation of the place of our own species in Nature.

• Preface Paul G. Helsne Foreword Jane Goodall Study Sites in Africa The Challenge of Behavioral Diversity Richard W. Wrangham, Frans B.M. de Waal, and W. C. McGrew Section I: Ecology Overview--Ecology, Diversity, and Culture Richard W. Wrangham Tools Compared: The Material of Culture W. C. McGrew Party Size in Chimpanzees and Bonobos: A Reevaluation of Theory Based on Two Similarly Forested Sites Colin A. Chapman, Frances J. White, and Richard W. Wrangham The Significance of Terrestrial Herbaceous Foods for Bonobos, Chimpanzees, and Gorillas Richard K. Malenky, Suchisa Kuroda, Evelyn Ono Vineberg, and Richard W. Wrangham Hunting Strategies of Gombe and Tai Chimpanzees Christophe Boesch Comparative Locomotor Behavior of Chimpanzees and Bonobos: Species and Habitat Differences Diane M. Doran and Kevin D. Hunt Comparative Analyses of Nest-Building Behavior in Bonobos and Chimpanzees Barbara Fruth and Gossfried Hohman Diversity of Medicinal Plant Use by Chimpanzees in the Wild Michael A. Huffman and Richard W. Wrangham Section II: Social Relations Overview--Diversity in Social Relations W. C. McGrew Social Role and Development of Noncopulatory Sexual Behavior of Wild Bonobos Chie Hashimoto and Takeshi Furuichi Grooming Relationships in Two Species of Chimpanzees Yasuyuki Muroyama and Yukimaru Sugiyama Reproductive Sucess Story: Variability Among Chimpanzees and Comparisons with Gorillas Caroline E.G. Tusin Ethological Studies of Chimpanzee Vocal Behavior John C. Mitani Pacifying Interventions at Arnhem Zoo and Gombe Christopher Boehm Social Relationships of Female Chimpanzees: Diversity Between Captive Social Groups Kate C. Baker and Barbara B. Smuts Chimpanzee's Adaptive Potential: A Comparison of Social Life Under Captive and Wild Conditions Frans B.M. de Waal