Ann Marie Clark is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Purdue University.

"The book makes clear that the creation of human rights norms was facilitated not just by exposing abuses but by quietly promoting (with the United Nations) new bodies of law and slowly accumulating international standards of conduct."--Foreign Affairs "An important and timely contribution to the growing scholarly literature of the role of norms and the activities of nongovernmental organizations in international relations."--Morton Winston, Human Rights Quarterly

• LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi CHAPTER ONE Amnesty International in International Politics 3 CHAPTER TWO How Norms Grow 21 CHAPTER THREE Torture 37 CHAPTER FOUR Disappearances 70 CHAPTER FIVE Extrajudicial Executions 101 CHAPTER SIX NGOs and Norms in International Politics 124 APPENDIX: Interviews 143 NOTES 145 BIBLIOGRAPHY 169 INDEX 177

Ann Marie Clark is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Purdue University.

"The book makes clear that the creation of human rights norms was facilitated not just by exposing abuses but by quietly promoting (with the United Nations) new bodies of law and slowly accumulating international standards of conduct."--Foreign Affairs "An important and timely contribution to the growing scholarly literature of the role of norms and the activities of nongovernmental organizations in international relations."--Morton Winston, Human Rights Quarterly

• LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi CHAPTER ONE Amnesty International in International Politics 3 CHAPTER TWO How Norms Grow 21 CHAPTER THREE Torture 37 CHAPTER FOUR Disappearances 70 CHAPTER FIVE Extrajudicial Executions 101 CHAPTER SIX NGOs and Norms in International Politics 124 APPENDIX: Interviews 143 NOTES 145 BIBLIOGRAPHY 169 INDEX 177

Ann Marie Clark is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Purdue University.

"The book makes clear that the creation of human rights norms was facilitated not just by exposing abuses but by quietly promoting (with the United Nations) new bodies of law and slowly accumulating international standards of conduct."--Foreign Affairs "An important and timely contribution to the growing scholarly literature of the role of norms and the activities of nongovernmental organizations in international relations."--Morton Winston, Human Rights Quarterly

• LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi CHAPTER ONE Amnesty International in International Politics 3 CHAPTER TWO How Norms Grow 21 CHAPTER THREE Torture 37 CHAPTER FOUR Disappearances 70 CHAPTER FIVE Extrajudicial Executions 101 CHAPTER SIX NGOs and Norms in International Politics 124 APPENDIX: Interviews 143 NOTES 145 BIBLIOGRAPHY 169 INDEX 177