Thomas W. Cronin is professor of biological sciences at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Sonke Johnsen is professor of biology at Duke University. N. Justin Marshall is professor of biomedical sciences at the University of Queensland in Australia. Eric J. Warrant is professor of zoology at Lund University in Sweden.

Winner of the 2015 PROSE Award in Textbook/Biological & Life Sciences, Association of American Publishers "[A] beautiful textbook: aesthetically formatted, clearly written, and with many carefully-chosen (and beautiful to look at!) data images that support the concepts presented in each chapter. This is a wonderful resource for grad students and medical students who want a deeper understanding of vision, advanced undergrads as well as well as the curious (educated) layperson."--Grrrl Scientist "A lovely, splendid book... A superb resource that will serve the field well for years to come, I suspect that I could read this book another 20 times and learn something new with each reading. This book will undoubtedly become required reading for all incoming graduate students in this field. I highly recommend this book for anyone interested in how non-human animals see their surroundings."--Rebecca C. Fuller, Ecology "One of the most brilliant textbooks written during the last years."--Brigitte Schoenemann, Anatomy & Physiology

• List of Illustrations ix Preface xix 1 Introduction 1 2 Light and the Optical Environment 10 3 Visual Pigments and Photoreceptors 37 4 The Optical Building Blocks of Eyes 66 5 The Eye Designs of the Animal Kingdom 91 6 Spatial Vision 116 7 Color Vision 146 8 Polarization Vision 178 9 Vision in Attenuating Media 206 10 Motion Vision and Eye Movements 232 11 Vision in Dim Light 262 12 Visual Orientation and Navigation 289 13 Signals and Camoufl age 313 Glossary 345 References 355 General Index 383 Index of Names 401

Thomas W. Cronin is professor of biological sciences at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Sonke Johnsen is professor of biology at Duke University. N. Justin Marshall is professor of biomedical sciences at the University of Queensland in Australia. Eric J. Warrant is professor of zoology at Lund University in Sweden.

Winner of the 2015 PROSE Award in Textbook/Biological & Life Sciences, Association of American Publishers "[A] beautiful textbook: aesthetically formatted, clearly written, and with many carefully-chosen (and beautiful to look at!) data images that support the concepts presented in each chapter. This is a wonderful resource for grad students and medical students who want a deeper understanding of vision, advanced undergrads as well as well as the curious (educated) layperson."--Grrrl Scientist "A lovely, splendid book... A superb resource that will serve the field well for years to come, I suspect that I could read this book another 20 times and learn something new with each reading. This book will undoubtedly become required reading for all incoming graduate students in this field. I highly recommend this book for anyone interested in how non-human animals see their surroundings."--Rebecca C. Fuller, Ecology "One of the most brilliant textbooks written during the last years."--Brigitte Schoenemann, Anatomy & Physiology

• List of Illustrations ix Preface xix 1 Introduction 1 2 Light and the Optical Environment 10 3 Visual Pigments and Photoreceptors 37 4 The Optical Building Blocks of Eyes 66 5 The Eye Designs of the Animal Kingdom 91 6 Spatial Vision 116 7 Color Vision 146 8 Polarization Vision 178 9 Vision in Attenuating Media 206 10 Motion Vision and Eye Movements 232 11 Vision in Dim Light 262 12 Visual Orientation and Navigation 289 13 Signals and Camoufl age 313 Glossary 345 References 355 General Index 383 Index of Names 401

Thomas W. Cronin is professor of biological sciences at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Sonke Johnsen is professor of biology at Duke University. N. Justin Marshall is professor of biomedical sciences at the University of Queensland in Australia. Eric J. Warrant is professor of zoology at Lund University in Sweden.

Winner of the 2015 PROSE Award in Textbook/Biological & Life Sciences, Association of American Publishers "[A] beautiful textbook: aesthetically formatted, clearly written, and with many carefully-chosen (and beautiful to look at!) data images that support the concepts presented in each chapter. This is a wonderful resource for grad students and medical students who want a deeper understanding of vision, advanced undergrads as well as well as the curious (educated) layperson."--Grrrl Scientist "A lovely, splendid book... A superb resource that will serve the field well for years to come, I suspect that I could read this book another 20 times and learn something new with each reading. This book will undoubtedly become required reading for all incoming graduate students in this field. I highly recommend this book for anyone interested in how non-human animals see their surroundings."--Rebecca C. Fuller, Ecology "One of the most brilliant textbooks written during the last years."--Brigitte Schoenemann, Anatomy & Physiology

• List of Illustrations ix Preface xix 1 Introduction 1 2 Light and the Optical Environment 10 3 Visual Pigments and Photoreceptors 37 4 The Optical Building Blocks of Eyes 66 5 The Eye Designs of the Animal Kingdom 91 6 Spatial Vision 116 7 Color Vision 146 8 Polarization Vision 178 9 Vision in Attenuating Media 206 10 Motion Vision and Eye Movements 232 11 Vision in Dim Light 262 12 Visual Orientation and Navigation 289 13 Signals and Camoufl age 313 Glossary 345 References 355 General Index 383 Index of Names 401