Since the Judiciary Act of 1789, federal trial judges have been politically appointed. From Woodrow Wilson to George Bush, this work examines the voting patterns of these presidentially-appointed trial judges, documenting the link between politics and jurisprudence in the federal lower courts.

Since the Judiciary Act of 1789, federal trial judges have been politically appointed. From Woodrow Wilson to George Bush, this work examines the voting patterns of these presidentially-appointed trial judges, documenting the link between politics and jurisprudence in the federal lower courts.

Since the Judiciary Act of 1789, federal trial judges have been politically appointed. From Woodrow Wilson to George Bush, this work examines the voting patterns of these presidentially-appointed trial judges, documenting the link between politics and jurisprudence in the federal lower courts.