Shah Ebrahim is the editor of Epidemiology in Old Age, published by Wiley. Alexandre Kalache is a medical epidemiologist specializing in the study of aging. Since 2012 he is President of the International Longevity Centre-Brazil and since 2015 co-President of the Global Alliance of International Longevity Centres.

• List of contributors ForewordEditorial prefacePrefaceMechanisms of ageing 3Principles of epidemiology in old age 12Ageing worldwide 22Demographic aspects 32Disability free life expectancy 41Ageing in developing countries: a case study of Brazil 49Conduct of long term cohort sequential studies 57Clinical trials and meta-analysis 67Health economics 78Evaluation of health services 85Health service use in mental illness 96Health service use in physical illness 106Community care 126Value of screening in old age 136Preventive medicine 145Health promotion 153Successful ageing 162Nutritional status 171Classical cardiovascular risk factors 184Exercise 190Migration and ethnicity 201Gender 210Quality of life 221Functional ability 228Social networks and support 236Hypertension 245Ischaemic heart disease 253Stroke 262Alzheimer's disease 270Depressive illness 279Osteoporosis 290Proximal femoral fracture 300Arthritis 311Breast cancer 317Prostatic cancer 324Visual impairment 331Hearing impairment 344Incontinence 353Falls 361Accidents 369Locomotor disability 378Confusion 389Iatrogenesis 398Dying 408Epilogue: Intersection of epidemiology and ageing 417Index 421

Shah Ebrahim is the editor of Epidemiology in Old Age, published by Wiley. Alexandre Kalache is a medical epidemiologist specializing in the study of aging. Since 2012 he is President of the International Longevity Centre-Brazil and since 2015 co-President of the Global Alliance of International Longevity Centres.

• List of contributors ForewordEditorial prefacePrefaceMechanisms of ageing 3Principles of epidemiology in old age 12Ageing worldwide 22Demographic aspects 32Disability free life expectancy 41Ageing in developing countries: a case study of Brazil 49Conduct of long term cohort sequential studies 57Clinical trials and meta-analysis 67Health economics 78Evaluation of health services 85Health service use in mental illness 96Health service use in physical illness 106Community care 126Value of screening in old age 136Preventive medicine 145Health promotion 153Successful ageing 162Nutritional status 171Classical cardiovascular risk factors 184Exercise 190Migration and ethnicity 201Gender 210Quality of life 221Functional ability 228Social networks and support 236Hypertension 245Ischaemic heart disease 253Stroke 262Alzheimer's disease 270Depressive illness 279Osteoporosis 290Proximal femoral fracture 300Arthritis 311Breast cancer 317Prostatic cancer 324Visual impairment 331Hearing impairment 344Incontinence 353Falls 361Accidents 369Locomotor disability 378Confusion 389Iatrogenesis 398Dying 408Epilogue: Intersection of epidemiology and ageing 417Index 421

Shah Ebrahim is the editor of Epidemiology in Old Age, published by Wiley. Alexandre Kalache is a medical epidemiologist specializing in the study of aging. Since 2012 he is President of the International Longevity Centre-Brazil and since 2015 co-President of the Global Alliance of International Longevity Centres.

• List of contributors ForewordEditorial prefacePrefaceMechanisms of ageing 3Principles of epidemiology in old age 12Ageing worldwide 22Demographic aspects 32Disability free life expectancy 41Ageing in developing countries: a case study of Brazil 49Conduct of long term cohort sequential studies 57Clinical trials and meta-analysis 67Health economics 78Evaluation of health services 85Health service use in mental illness 96Health service use in physical illness 106Community care 126Value of screening in old age 136Preventive medicine 145Health promotion 153Successful ageing 162Nutritional status 171Classical cardiovascular risk factors 184Exercise 190Migration and ethnicity 201Gender 210Quality of life 221Functional ability 228Social networks and support 236Hypertension 245Ischaemic heart disease 253Stroke 262Alzheimer's disease 270Depressive illness 279Osteoporosis 290Proximal femoral fracture 300Arthritis 311Breast cancer 317Prostatic cancer 324Visual impairment 331Hearing impairment 344Incontinence 353Falls 361Accidents 369Locomotor disability 378Confusion 389Iatrogenesis 398Dying 408Epilogue: Intersection of epidemiology and ageing 417Index 421