M. L. Bush is Research Professor of History at Manchester Metropolitan University

'Servitude in Modern Times explores and explains the great variety of unfree labour systems that have flourished in one or another part of the world under the influence of the rise of capitalism. The book's scope is exemplary, covering serfdom and debt bondage as well as chattel slavery, and ranging from Europe and the Americas to Africa and the Islamic world. The world of unfree labour and the movements of emancipation usually constitute two separate realms of study; here they are most fruitfully brought together. While condemning the essential cruelty of servitude, M. L. Bush conveys a historical understanding of systems of oppression that were regarded as perfectly civilized until very recently, and new forms of which survive into the present.' Robin Blackburn, University of Essex 'The author takes as his subject practically every form of labour, apart from freewage labour, that has existed between the sixteenth century and the present. His concern, however, is less with the persistence of archaic institutions than with the emergence of new commercially driven forms of bondage, among them the slave empires of the new World and the so-called new serfdom of Eastern Europe. Far from being a relic left over from earlier times, servitude is shown as playing a key role in the shaping of the modern world. The evidence for this is so overwhelming that one wonders why it has so frequently been overlooked...As a historian hitherto principally concerned with European social stratification, Bush has no time for handwringing over the injustices of the past, preferring to emphasize the positive contributions made to the shaping of the modern world by those who laboured under duress.' Howard Temperley, Times Literary Supplement 'A well researched and skillfully written book ... This work makes a significant contribution to the study of servitude. The depth to which Bush plumbs his subject exceeds most works. It can serve as an introductory work to the subject for interested readers, but it can also be profitably mined by professional historians, sociologists, psychologists and college students.' History

• Preface. Part I: The Forms of Legal Bondage:.1. Servitude Comparatively Considered.2. Modern Slavery.3. Modern Serfdom.4. Indentured Service.5. Debt Bondage.6. Penal Servitude.Part II: Emergence and Development:.7. White Servitude in the Americas.8. New World Slavery.9. European Serfdom.10. Islamic Slavery.Part III: Emancipation and After:.11. Abolition in Europe and the Americas.12. The Survival of Servitude.Conclusion: The Significance of Modern Servitude.A Bibliography Essay.Notes.Index.

M. L. Bush is Research Professor of History at Manchester Metropolitan University

'Servitude in Modern Times explores and explains the great variety of unfree labour systems that have flourished in one or another part of the world under the influence of the rise of capitalism. The book's scope is exemplary, covering serfdom and debt bondage as well as chattel slavery, and ranging from Europe and the Americas to Africa and the Islamic world. The world of unfree labour and the movements of emancipation usually constitute two separate realms of study; here they are most fruitfully brought together. While condemning the essential cruelty of servitude, M. L. Bush conveys a historical understanding of systems of oppression that were regarded as perfectly civilized until very recently, and new forms of which survive into the present.' Robin Blackburn, University of Essex 'The author takes as his subject practically every form of labour, apart from freewage labour, that has existed between the sixteenth century and the present. His concern, however, is less with the persistence of archaic institutions than with the emergence of new commercially driven forms of bondage, among them the slave empires of the new World and the so-called new serfdom of Eastern Europe. Far from being a relic left over from earlier times, servitude is shown as playing a key role in the shaping of the modern world. The evidence for this is so overwhelming that one wonders why it has so frequently been overlooked...As a historian hitherto principally concerned with European social stratification, Bush has no time for handwringing over the injustices of the past, preferring to emphasize the positive contributions made to the shaping of the modern world by those who laboured under duress.' Howard Temperley, Times Literary Supplement 'A well researched and skillfully written book ... This work makes a significant contribution to the study of servitude. The depth to which Bush plumbs his subject exceeds most works. It can serve as an introductory work to the subject for interested readers, but it can also be profitably mined by professional historians, sociologists, psychologists and college students.' History

• Preface. Part I: The Forms of Legal Bondage:.1. Servitude Comparatively Considered.2. Modern Slavery.3. Modern Serfdom.4. Indentured Service.5. Debt Bondage.6. Penal Servitude.Part II: Emergence and Development:.7. White Servitude in the Americas.8. New World Slavery.9. European Serfdom.10. Islamic Slavery.Part III: Emancipation and After:.11. Abolition in Europe and the Americas.12. The Survival of Servitude.Conclusion: The Significance of Modern Servitude.A Bibliography Essay.Notes.Index.

M. L. Bush is Research Professor of History at Manchester Metropolitan University

'Servitude in Modern Times explores and explains the great variety of unfree labour systems that have flourished in one or another part of the world under the influence of the rise of capitalism. The book's scope is exemplary, covering serfdom and debt bondage as well as chattel slavery, and ranging from Europe and the Americas to Africa and the Islamic world. The world of unfree labour and the movements of emancipation usually constitute two separate realms of study; here they are most fruitfully brought together. While condemning the essential cruelty of servitude, M. L. Bush conveys a historical understanding of systems of oppression that were regarded as perfectly civilized until very recently, and new forms of which survive into the present.' Robin Blackburn, University of Essex 'The author takes as his subject practically every form of labour, apart from freewage labour, that has existed between the sixteenth century and the present. His concern, however, is less with the persistence of archaic institutions than with the emergence of new commercially driven forms of bondage, among them the slave empires of the new World and the so-called new serfdom of Eastern Europe. Far from being a relic left over from earlier times, servitude is shown as playing a key role in the shaping of the modern world. The evidence for this is so overwhelming that one wonders why it has so frequently been overlooked...As a historian hitherto principally concerned with European social stratification, Bush has no time for handwringing over the injustices of the past, preferring to emphasize the positive contributions made to the shaping of the modern world by those who laboured under duress.' Howard Temperley, Times Literary Supplement 'A well researched and skillfully written book ... This work makes a significant contribution to the study of servitude. The depth to which Bush plumbs his subject exceeds most works. It can serve as an introductory work to the subject for interested readers, but it can also be profitably mined by professional historians, sociologists, psychologists and college students.' History

• Preface. Part I: The Forms of Legal Bondage:.1. Servitude Comparatively Considered.2. Modern Slavery.3. Modern Serfdom.4. Indentured Service.5. Debt Bondage.6. Penal Servitude.Part II: Emergence and Development:.7. White Servitude in the Americas.8. New World Slavery.9. European Serfdom.10. Islamic Slavery.Part III: Emancipation and After:.11. Abolition in Europe and the Americas.12. The Survival of Servitude.Conclusion: The Significance of Modern Servitude.A Bibliography Essay.Notes.Index.