What is Citizenship?

Derek Heater is Founder Chairman of the Politics Association and the author of several books on political ideas.

"[This] book fundamentally transforms our understanding of citizenship. It should become required reading in any course in political theory, philosophy, history, international relations and comparative politics that considers this key concept and its practical political and policy implications." Joel Krieger, Wellesley College, USA "This is an excellent book. It would not be possible for any good university course dealing with citizenship to omit this book from those items on the reading list marked 'essential'...The sharpness of thought shown in this book will make it easier to avoid the pitfalls and encourage people to reach for something that is coherent and meaningful...Superlatives are overused, but this book is a classic." Jan Davies, University of York

• Preface viiAcknowledgement viiiIntroduction 11 The Liberal Tradition 4Origins • Citizenship and capitalism • Marshall's analysis • Marshall: influence and judgements • Social citizenship and neo-liberalism • Two additional elements • Citizenship rights at the turn of the century • The problem of rights in practice2 The Civic Republican Tradition 44Major thinkers • Purpose of citizenship • Style of citizenship • Qualities of citizenship • Role of the citizen • Forming the citizen • Revival and arguments • Adaptations for today3 Who Are Citizens? 80Legal definitions • Equality or elitism? • Feminist perspectives • Citizenship as nationality: origins • Citizenship and nationality synthesized • National citizens: made or born • Multiculturalism4 Multiple Citizenship 115The idea of multiple citizenship • Parallel citizenships • Federal constitutions • The European Union • Sub-state citizenships • The idea of cosmopolis • World citizenship identity and morality • World law and the citizen • World governance and the citizen • Pros and cons5 Problems and Resolutions 155Inherent problems and tensions • Current issues • The roles of education • Connections and essenceReferences 181Select Reading List 187Index 189