Models of Democracy

David Held is Graham Wallas Professor of Political Science at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

"The great global struggles today are not over democracy versus other forms of government but over the meanings and practices of democracy themselves. There is no better critical and engaged survey of the complex histories and contemporary struggles over this deeply contested concept than David Held's third and improved edition of Models of Democracy, precisely because it is written in awareness of its own contestability."James Tully, University of Victoria "Models is the kind of established classic which both demands and merits revision every decade or so."David Beetham, University of Leeds"Everyone who has used Models will welcome this new edition. Newcomers will find a wide-ranging and reliable analysis of past and present debates about democracy and gain an understanding of what is at issue in current global arguments."Carole Pateman, Cardiff University and University of California at Los Angeles

• List of Figures and TablesPrefaceIntroductionPart One: Classic ModelsChapter 1 - Classical Democracy: AthensPolitical ideas and aimsInstitutional featuresThe exclusivity of an ancient democracyThe criticsIn sum: Model IChapter 2 - Republicanism: Liberty, Self-Government and the Active CitizenThe eclipse and re-emergence of homo politicusThe reforging of republicanismRepublicanism, elective government and popular sovereigntyFrom civic life to civic gloryIn sum: Model IIaThe republic and the general willIn sum: model IIbThe public and the privateChapter 3 - The Development of Liberal Democracy: For and Against the StatePower and SovereigntyCitizenship and the Constitutional StateSeparation of PowersThe problem of factionsAccountability and MarketsIn sum: model IIIaLiberty and the development of democracyThe dangers of despotic power and an overgrown stateRepresentative governmentThe subordination of womenCompeting conceptions of the ‘ends of government’In sum: Model IIIbChapter 4 - Direct Democracy and the End of PoliticsClass and class conflictHistory as evolution and the development of captialismTwo theories of the stateThe end of politicsCompeting conceptions of MarxismPart Two: Variants from the Twentieth CenturyChapter 5 - Competitive ELitism and the Technocratic VisionClasses, power and conflictBureaucracy, parliaments and nation-statesCompetitive elitist democracyLiberal democracy at the crossroadsThe last vestige of democracy?Democracy, capitalism and socialism‘Classical’ v. modern democracyA technocratic visionIn sum: model VChapter 6 - Pluralism, Corporate Capitalism and the StateGroup politics, government and powerPolitics, consensus and the distribution of powerDemocracy, corporate capitalism and the stateIn sum: Model VIAccumulation, legitimation and the restricted sphere of the politicalThe changing form of representative institutionsChapter 7 - From Post-War Stability to Political Crisis: The Polarization of Political IdeasA legitimate democratic order or a repressive regime?Overloaded state or legitimation crisis?Crisis theories: an assessmentLaw, liberty and democracyIn sum: model VIIParticipation, liberty and democracyIn sum: model VIIChapter 8 - Democracy after Soviet CommunismThe historical backdropThe triumph of economic and political liberalismThe renewed necessity of Marxism and democracy from ‘below’?Chapter 9 - Deliberative Democracy and the Defence of the Public RealmReason and ParticipationThe limits of democratic theoryThe aims of deliberative democracyWhat is sound about public reasoning? Impartialism and it’s criticsInstitutions of deliberative democracyValue pluralism and democracyIn sum: Model IXPart Three: What Should Democracy Mean Today?Chapter 10 - Democratic AutonomyThe appeal of democracyThe principle of autonomyEnacting the principleThe heritage of classic and twentieth-century democratic theoryDemocracy: A double-sided processDemocratic autonomy: compatibilities and incompatibilitiesIn sum: Model XaChapter 11 - Democracy, the Nation-State and the Global SystemDemocratic legitimacy and bordersRegional and global flows: old and newSovereignty, autonomy and disjuncturesRethinking democracy for a more global age: the cosmopolitan modelIn sum: model XbAcknowledgementsReferences and Select BibliographyIndex