Christopher Ward is a scholar on water and the environment with a particular interest in the Middle East. He studied at St John's College and St Antony's College, Oxford. After 25 years working at the World Bank, he joined the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter, UK. He is the author of The Water Crisis in Yemen (2015) and of Water Scarcity, Climate Change and Conflict in the Middle East (2018). as well as of numerous studies and articles, most recently on water scarcity in Viet Nam and Indonesia, and of a monograph on desalination. Sandra Ruckstuhl is a scholar and researcher who specializes in water and natural resource management, conflict and peacebuilding. She holds a MSc and PhD in Conflict Analysis and Resolution from the Carter School at George Mason University. She is the co-author of Water Scarcity, Climate Change and Conflict in the Middle East (I.B.Tauris 2018). She is currently Special Advisor and Senior Researcher at the International Water Management Institute.Isabelle Learmont is a scholar and researcher who has taught at universities in Saudi Arabia and the United States. She holds BA, MA and Ph.D degrees from Queen Mary University of London and has spent many years living and working in the Middle East. She is currently a director of the consultancy firm Isca Strategies.

• AcknowledgementsPrefaceChapter One: IntroductionChapter Two: Land and WaterChapter Three: Modernization and Water in the Twilight of the Ottoman Era 1850-1918Chapter Four: Water in the Era of the British Mandate 1918-1948Chapter Five: Israel, Palestinians and Water 1948 to 1967 Chapter Six: West Bank Palestinians under Occupation – Politics, Power and Water 1967-1993Chapter Seven: Oslo and AfterIndex