Edward Y. J. Chung is Assistant Professor of Religion and Asian Studies, University of Prince Edward Island.

• Foreword by Julia Ching Preface Acknowledgments A Note on Style and Translation Abbreviations Historical Background: Korean Neo-Confucianism The Rise of Neo-Confucianism in the Koryo PeriodNeo-Confucianism in the Early Choson DynastySongnihak before T'oegye and Yulgok in Sixteenth-Century KoreaYi Hwang (T'oegye, 1501-1570)Yi I (Yulgok, 1536-1584)Why the Four-Seven Controversy Developed in Korea:Some Historical ReflectionsI. Philosophical Introduction: The Fruitful Four-Seven Legacy The Locus Classicus for the Ideas of the Four Beginnings and the Seven EmotionsThe Ch'eng-Chu Interpretation in ChinaQuestions and Issues Raised in the Korean Four-Seven Debates /II.T'oegye's Four-Seven Thesis Kobong's Challenge to T'oegye: The Continuum of the Four and the SevenT'oegye's Response to Kobong's First Challenge: The Distinction of the Four and the SevenKobong's Second Challenge: The Inseparability of I and Ki and the Oneness of Human NatureT'oegye's Revised Four-Seven Theory of "Alternate Manifestation"The Last Exchange on the Moon-Moonlight Analogy: Unity or Duality?III.Yulgok's Four-Seven Thesis Human Mind and Moral Mind: The Unity and Duality of the MindThe Continuum of Feelings: The Four in the SevenThe Oneness of Human NatureA Critique of T'oegye's Theory of Alternate Manifestation: The Working of KiThe Inseparability and Harmony of I and KiIV. Practical Implications for T'oegye Principle and Self-CultivationFeelings and the Learning of Mind-and-Heart (Simhak)Sagehood and the Learning of Reverential Seriousness (Kyonghak)Self-Cultivation as an Ethico-Spiritual IdealV. Practical Implications For Yulgok Good And Evil: The Nourishment Of KiSelf-Cultivation And Emotional IntegrationSagehood And Learning Sincerity (Songhak)Practical Learning (Sirhak) As An Ethico-Political IdealVI. Conclusions: A Comparison Of T'oegye And Yulgok Epilogue: The I-Ki And Four-Seven Controversy After T'oegye And Yulgok The School Of The Primacy OfThe School Of The Primacy OfkiThe Eclectic SchoolAppendix 1 T'oegye's Diagram Of The Mind, Human Nature, And FeelingsAppendix 2 Yulgok's Diagram Ofthe Human Mind And The Moral MindAppendix 3 A Chronological And Annotated List Ofyi T'oegye's Major Writings CitedAppendix 4 A Chronological And Annotated List Ofyi Yulgok's Major Writings CitedNotes Glossary: Major Terms, Names, and Titles CitedIndex Selected Bibliography

Edward Y. J. Chung is Assistant Professor of Religion and Asian Studies, University of Prince Edward Island.

• Foreword by Julia Ching Preface Acknowledgments A Note on Style and Translation Abbreviations Historical Background: Korean Neo-Confucianism The Rise of Neo-Confucianism in the Koryo PeriodNeo-Confucianism in the Early Choson DynastySongnihak before T'oegye and Yulgok in Sixteenth-Century KoreaYi Hwang (T'oegye, 1501-1570)Yi I (Yulgok, 1536-1584)Why the Four-Seven Controversy Developed in Korea:Some Historical ReflectionsI. Philosophical Introduction: The Fruitful Four-Seven Legacy The Locus Classicus for the Ideas of the Four Beginnings and the Seven EmotionsThe Ch'eng-Chu Interpretation in ChinaQuestions and Issues Raised in the Korean Four-Seven Debates /II.T'oegye's Four-Seven Thesis Kobong's Challenge to T'oegye: The Continuum of the Four and the SevenT'oegye's Response to Kobong's First Challenge: The Distinction of the Four and the SevenKobong's Second Challenge: The Inseparability of I and Ki and the Oneness of Human NatureT'oegye's Revised Four-Seven Theory of "Alternate Manifestation"The Last Exchange on the Moon-Moonlight Analogy: Unity or Duality?III.Yulgok's Four-Seven Thesis Human Mind and Moral Mind: The Unity and Duality of the MindThe Continuum of Feelings: The Four in the SevenThe Oneness of Human NatureA Critique of T'oegye's Theory of Alternate Manifestation: The Working of KiThe Inseparability and Harmony of I and KiIV. Practical Implications for T'oegye Principle and Self-CultivationFeelings and the Learning of Mind-and-Heart (Simhak)Sagehood and the Learning of Reverential Seriousness (Kyonghak)Self-Cultivation as an Ethico-Spiritual IdealV. Practical Implications For Yulgok Good And Evil: The Nourishment Of KiSelf-Cultivation And Emotional IntegrationSagehood And Learning Sincerity (Songhak)Practical Learning (Sirhak) As An Ethico-Political IdealVI. Conclusions: A Comparison Of T'oegye And Yulgok Epilogue: The I-Ki And Four-Seven Controversy After T'oegye And Yulgok The School Of The Primacy OfThe School Of The Primacy OfkiThe Eclectic SchoolAppendix 1 T'oegye's Diagram Of The Mind, Human Nature, And FeelingsAppendix 2 Yulgok's Diagram Ofthe Human Mind And The Moral MindAppendix 3 A Chronological And Annotated List Ofyi T'oegye's Major Writings CitedAppendix 4 A Chronological And Annotated List Ofyi Yulgok's Major Writings CitedNotes Glossary: Major Terms, Names, and Titles CitedIndex Selected Bibliography

Edward Y. J. Chung is Assistant Professor of Religion and Asian Studies, University of Prince Edward Island.

• Foreword by Julia Ching Preface Acknowledgments A Note on Style and Translation Abbreviations Historical Background: Korean Neo-Confucianism The Rise of Neo-Confucianism in the Koryo PeriodNeo-Confucianism in the Early Choson DynastySongnihak before T'oegye and Yulgok in Sixteenth-Century KoreaYi Hwang (T'oegye, 1501-1570)Yi I (Yulgok, 1536-1584)Why the Four-Seven Controversy Developed in Korea:Some Historical ReflectionsI. Philosophical Introduction: The Fruitful Four-Seven Legacy The Locus Classicus for the Ideas of the Four Beginnings and the Seven EmotionsThe Ch'eng-Chu Interpretation in ChinaQuestions and Issues Raised in the Korean Four-Seven Debates /II.T'oegye's Four-Seven Thesis Kobong's Challenge to T'oegye: The Continuum of the Four and the SevenT'oegye's Response to Kobong's First Challenge: The Distinction of the Four and the SevenKobong's Second Challenge: The Inseparability of I and Ki and the Oneness of Human NatureT'oegye's Revised Four-Seven Theory of "Alternate Manifestation"The Last Exchange on the Moon-Moonlight Analogy: Unity or Duality?III.Yulgok's Four-Seven Thesis Human Mind and Moral Mind: The Unity and Duality of the MindThe Continuum of Feelings: The Four in the SevenThe Oneness of Human NatureA Critique of T'oegye's Theory of Alternate Manifestation: The Working of KiThe Inseparability and Harmony of I and KiIV. Practical Implications for T'oegye Principle and Self-CultivationFeelings and the Learning of Mind-and-Heart (Simhak)Sagehood and the Learning of Reverential Seriousness (Kyonghak)Self-Cultivation as an Ethico-Spiritual IdealV. Practical Implications For Yulgok Good And Evil: The Nourishment Of KiSelf-Cultivation And Emotional IntegrationSagehood And Learning Sincerity (Songhak)Practical Learning (Sirhak) As An Ethico-Political IdealVI. Conclusions: A Comparison Of T'oegye And Yulgok Epilogue: The I-Ki And Four-Seven Controversy After T'oegye And Yulgok The School Of The Primacy OfThe School Of The Primacy OfkiThe Eclectic SchoolAppendix 1 T'oegye's Diagram Of The Mind, Human Nature, And FeelingsAppendix 2 Yulgok's Diagram Ofthe Human Mind And The Moral MindAppendix 3 A Chronological And Annotated List Ofyi T'oegye's Major Writings CitedAppendix 4 A Chronological And Annotated List Ofyi Yulgok's Major Writings CitedNotes Glossary: Major Terms, Names, and Titles CitedIndex Selected Bibliography