Brickyards to Graveyards

Villia Jefremovas is Adjunct Research Professor of Geography and Environmental Studies at Carleton University.

"…one of the strengths of Jefremovas's book is that it is filled with people … [her] discussion of the genocide itself is complex and detailed. Her grasp of Rwandan history and the literature on the genocide is subtle and sophisticated … Brickyards to Graveyards is an important addition to the literature on genocide." — H-Net Reviews (H-Genocide)"Powerfully concise analysis and rigorous methodology, which melds ethnographic vignettes with interview data and quantitative research, make this volume a significant contribution to Rwandan studies … should be read by anyone studying gender, land tenure, or labor in Rwanda or the Great Lakes region of Africa. In addition, those examining the (often hidden) role of women in labor market economies in developing countries could learn a lot here about research methodology." — African Studies Review"This well-written and thoughtful book provides a particularly fine illustration of the way in which detailed fieldwork focusing on a clearly defined and limited subject, in this case brick- and tile-making industries in clay marshes, can unfold to offer explanations that contribute to understanding grand events such as the Rwandan Genocide." — Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute"Brickyards to Graveyards … combines an insightful demonstration of the pre-genocide dynamics of economic production in Rwanda. And there is a sobering, realistic note at the end: the patterns of power and inequality that Rwanda has known since the mid-nineteenth century have not changed in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide." — African Affairs"Having painted a portrait of Rwanda in the 1980s in which ethnicity was less significant than regional and class considerations in social and economic relations, the author then explains how the situation became polarized during the 1990s. She offers a persuasive account that delineates the complex interplay of elite manipulation, wartime conditions, economic crisis, class inequality, past ethnic conflict, and popular fears fed by propaganda." — Catharine Newbury, author of The Cohesion of Oppression: Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda, 1860–1960"This book was a pleasure to read. In an age when much scholarship, especially anthropological scholarship, has descended into trivia, it is a welcome change to read a book that shows painstaking fieldwork and is able to integrate that work into an explanation for one of the greatest tragedies of our time." — Robert Shenton, Queen's University

• Acknowledgments List of Illustrations and Tables 1. Introduction—Rwanda and the Field Sites 2. Making Bricks and Roof Tiles in Rwanda: Technology and Process 3. Making Bricks and Roof Tiles in Rwanda: Labor Organization 4. Land Tenure, Common Property, and Labor and Power: Precolonial, Colonial, and Postcolonial Transformations 5. "Your Patron Begets You": Household Reproduction, Gender and Domestic Relations, and Access to Family Labor 6. Loose Women, Virtuous Wives, and Timid Virgins: Class, Gender, and the Control of Resources 7. Brickyards Turn to Graveyards Appendix A. Various Chronologies for the Rwandan Kings Appendix B. European Contact and the German Colonial Period Appendix C. The Belgian Colonial Period1 Appendix D. Prestations, Corvées, Taxes, and Obligations (1898–1940) Notes Bibliography Index