Brian P. Levack is John Green Regents Professor of History at the University of Texas at Austin. A former Guggenheim Fellow, his other writings on witchcraft include Articleson Witchcraft, Magic, and Demonology (1992), TheWitch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (1995), and Witchcraftand Magic in Europe: The Eighteenth and NineteenthCenturies (1999). Dr. Levack is also a specialist in the history of early modern England and Scotland, and has written several books on the subject.

• Walinski-Kiehl. Robert S. Godly States: Confessional Conflict and Witch-Hunting in Early Modern Germany. Mentalité-Mentalities 5 (1988). Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke. Witchcraft in the Northern Netherlands. In Arina Angerman, et al eds., Current Issues in Women's History (London, UK: Routledge, 1989). Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke. The European Witchcraft Debate and the Dutch Variant. Social History 15 (1990). Behringer, Wolfgang. Weather, Hunger and Fear: The Origins of the European Witch Prosecutions in Climate, Society and Mentality. German History 13 (1995). Golden, Richard M. Satan in Europe: The Geography of the Witch Hunts. In Michael Wolfe, ed., Changing Identities in Early Modern France (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997). Nenonen, M. Envious are all the People, Witches Watch at Every Gate: Finnish Witches and Witch Trials in the Seventeenth Century. Scandinavian Journal of History 18 (1993). Deutscher, Thomas. The Role of the Episcopal Tribunal of Novara in the Suppression of Heresy and Witchcraft, 1563-1615. The Catholic Historical Review 77 (1991). Borst, Arno. The Origins of the Witch-Craze in the Alps. In Medieval Worlds: Barbarians, Heretics and Artists in the Middle Ages, (Cambridge, UK: 1991). Klaniczay, Gábor. Witch-Hunting in Hungary: Social or Cultural Tensions? Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 37 (1991-2). Klaniczay, Gábor and Pocs, Eva. Witch Beliefs and Witch Hunting in Central and Eastern Europe. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 37 (1991-2). Haliczer, Stephen. The Jew as Witch: Displaced Aggression and the Myth of the Santo Niño de La Guardia. In Mary Elizabeth Perry and Anne J. Cruz, eds., Cultural Encounters: The Impact of the Inquisition in Spain and the New World(Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1991). Lyndal, Roper. Evil Imaginings and Fantasies: Child Witches and the End of the Witch-Craze. Past & Present 167 (2000). Ellison, R.C. The Kirkjuból Affair: A Seventeenth-Century Icelandic Witchcraft Case Analyzed. The Seventeenth Century 8 (1993). Lehmann, Hartmut. The Persecution of Witches as Restoration of Order: The Case of Germany, 1590s-1650s. Central European History 21 (1988). Levack, Brian P. State-Building and Witch Hunting in Early Modern Europe. In J. Barry, et al, eds., Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, UK: 1996). Hall, Thor and Burhenn, Herbert W.L. The Making of a Witch: The Guilty Triangle--As Illustrated in the Case Against Elline Klokkers of Gjerpen. Scandinavian Studies 60 (1988). Walinski-Kiehl, Robert. The Devil's Children: Child Witch-Trials in Early Modern Germany. Continuity and Change 11 (1996). Behar, Ruth. The Visions of a Guachichil Witch in 1599: A Window on the Subjugation of Mexico's Hunter-Gatherers. Ethnohistory 34 (1987). Sharpe, J.A. Witches and Persecuting Societies. Journal of Historical Sociology 3 (1990). Smith, Philip. A Quantitative Evaluation of Demographic, Gender and Social Transformation Theories of the Rise of European Witch Hunting. Historical Social Research 17 (1992). Kristóf, Ildikó. Wise Women, Sinners and the Poor: the Social Background in a 16th-18th-Century Calvinist City of Eastern Hungary. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 37 (1991-2). Vukanovi, T.P., Witchcraft in the Central Balkans I: Characteristics of Witches. Folklore 100 (1989). Cassar, Carmel. Witchcraft Beliefs and Social Control in Seventeenth-Century Malta. Journal of Mediterranean Studies 3 (1993).

Brian P. Levack is John Green Regents Professor of History at the University of Texas at Austin. A former Guggenheim Fellow, his other writings on witchcraft include Articleson Witchcraft, Magic, and Demonology (1992), TheWitch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (1995), and Witchcraftand Magic in Europe: The Eighteenth and NineteenthCenturies (1999). Dr. Levack is also a specialist in the history of early modern England and Scotland, and has written several books on the subject.

• Walinski-Kiehl. Robert S. Godly States: Confessional Conflict and Witch-Hunting in Early Modern Germany. Mentalité-Mentalities 5 (1988). Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke. Witchcraft in the Northern Netherlands. In Arina Angerman, et al eds., Current Issues in Women's History (London, UK: Routledge, 1989). Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke. The European Witchcraft Debate and the Dutch Variant. Social History 15 (1990). Behringer, Wolfgang. Weather, Hunger and Fear: The Origins of the European Witch Prosecutions in Climate, Society and Mentality. German History 13 (1995). Golden, Richard M. Satan in Europe: The Geography of the Witch Hunts. In Michael Wolfe, ed., Changing Identities in Early Modern France (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997). Nenonen, M. Envious are all the People, Witches Watch at Every Gate: Finnish Witches and Witch Trials in the Seventeenth Century. Scandinavian Journal of History 18 (1993). Deutscher, Thomas. The Role of the Episcopal Tribunal of Novara in the Suppression of Heresy and Witchcraft, 1563-1615. The Catholic Historical Review 77 (1991). Borst, Arno. The Origins of the Witch-Craze in the Alps. In Medieval Worlds: Barbarians, Heretics and Artists in the Middle Ages, (Cambridge, UK: 1991). Klaniczay, Gábor. Witch-Hunting in Hungary: Social or Cultural Tensions? Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 37 (1991-2). Klaniczay, Gábor and Pocs, Eva. Witch Beliefs and Witch Hunting in Central and Eastern Europe. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 37 (1991-2). Haliczer, Stephen. The Jew as Witch: Displaced Aggression and the Myth of the Santo Niño de La Guardia. In Mary Elizabeth Perry and Anne J. Cruz, eds., Cultural Encounters: The Impact of the Inquisition in Spain and the New World(Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1991). Lyndal, Roper. Evil Imaginings and Fantasies: Child Witches and the End of the Witch-Craze. Past & Present 167 (2000). Ellison, R.C. The Kirkjuból Affair: A Seventeenth-Century Icelandic Witchcraft Case Analyzed. The Seventeenth Century 8 (1993). Lehmann, Hartmut. The Persecution of Witches as Restoration of Order: The Case of Germany, 1590s-1650s. Central European History 21 (1988). Levack, Brian P. State-Building and Witch Hunting in Early Modern Europe. In J. Barry, et al, eds., Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, UK: 1996). Hall, Thor and Burhenn, Herbert W.L. The Making of a Witch: The Guilty Triangle--As Illustrated in the Case Against Elline Klokkers of Gjerpen. Scandinavian Studies 60 (1988). Walinski-Kiehl, Robert. The Devil's Children: Child Witch-Trials in Early Modern Germany. Continuity and Change 11 (1996). Behar, Ruth. The Visions of a Guachichil Witch in 1599: A Window on the Subjugation of Mexico's Hunter-Gatherers. Ethnohistory 34 (1987). Sharpe, J.A. Witches and Persecuting Societies. Journal of Historical Sociology 3 (1990). Smith, Philip. A Quantitative Evaluation of Demographic, Gender and Social Transformation Theories of the Rise of European Witch Hunting. Historical Social Research 17 (1992). Kristóf, Ildikó. Wise Women, Sinners and the Poor: the Social Background in a 16th-18th-Century Calvinist City of Eastern Hungary. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 37 (1991-2). Vukanovi, T.P., Witchcraft in the Central Balkans I: Characteristics of Witches. Folklore 100 (1989). Cassar, Carmel. Witchcraft Beliefs and Social Control in Seventeenth-Century Malta. Journal of Mediterranean Studies 3 (1993).

Brian P. Levack is John Green Regents Professor of History at the University of Texas at Austin. A former Guggenheim Fellow, his other writings on witchcraft include Articleson Witchcraft, Magic, and Demonology (1992), TheWitch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe (1995), and Witchcraftand Magic in Europe: The Eighteenth and NineteenthCenturies (1999). Dr. Levack is also a specialist in the history of early modern England and Scotland, and has written several books on the subject.

• Walinski-Kiehl. Robert S. Godly States: Confessional Conflict and Witch-Hunting in Early Modern Germany. Mentalité-Mentalities 5 (1988). Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke. Witchcraft in the Northern Netherlands. In Arina Angerman, et al eds., Current Issues in Women's History (London, UK: Routledge, 1989). Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke. The European Witchcraft Debate and the Dutch Variant. Social History 15 (1990). Behringer, Wolfgang. Weather, Hunger and Fear: The Origins of the European Witch Prosecutions in Climate, Society and Mentality. German History 13 (1995). Golden, Richard M. Satan in Europe: The Geography of the Witch Hunts. In Michael Wolfe, ed., Changing Identities in Early Modern France (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997). Nenonen, M. Envious are all the People, Witches Watch at Every Gate: Finnish Witches and Witch Trials in the Seventeenth Century. Scandinavian Journal of History 18 (1993). Deutscher, Thomas. The Role of the Episcopal Tribunal of Novara in the Suppression of Heresy and Witchcraft, 1563-1615. The Catholic Historical Review 77 (1991). Borst, Arno. The Origins of the Witch-Craze in the Alps. In Medieval Worlds: Barbarians, Heretics and Artists in the Middle Ages, (Cambridge, UK: 1991). Klaniczay, Gábor. Witch-Hunting in Hungary: Social or Cultural Tensions? Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 37 (1991-2). Klaniczay, Gábor and Pocs, Eva. Witch Beliefs and Witch Hunting in Central and Eastern Europe. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 37 (1991-2). Haliczer, Stephen. The Jew as Witch: Displaced Aggression and the Myth of the Santo Niño de La Guardia. In Mary Elizabeth Perry and Anne J. Cruz, eds., Cultural Encounters: The Impact of the Inquisition in Spain and the New World(Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1991). Lyndal, Roper. Evil Imaginings and Fantasies: Child Witches and the End of the Witch-Craze. Past & Present 167 (2000). Ellison, R.C. The Kirkjuból Affair: A Seventeenth-Century Icelandic Witchcraft Case Analyzed. The Seventeenth Century 8 (1993). Lehmann, Hartmut. The Persecution of Witches as Restoration of Order: The Case of Germany, 1590s-1650s. Central European History 21 (1988). Levack, Brian P. State-Building and Witch Hunting in Early Modern Europe. In J. Barry, et al, eds., Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, UK: 1996). Hall, Thor and Burhenn, Herbert W.L. The Making of a Witch: The Guilty Triangle--As Illustrated in the Case Against Elline Klokkers of Gjerpen. Scandinavian Studies 60 (1988). Walinski-Kiehl, Robert. The Devil's Children: Child Witch-Trials in Early Modern Germany. Continuity and Change 11 (1996). Behar, Ruth. The Visions of a Guachichil Witch in 1599: A Window on the Subjugation of Mexico's Hunter-Gatherers. Ethnohistory 34 (1987). Sharpe, J.A. Witches and Persecuting Societies. Journal of Historical Sociology 3 (1990). Smith, Philip. A Quantitative Evaluation of Demographic, Gender and Social Transformation Theories of the Rise of European Witch Hunting. Historical Social Research 17 (1992). Kristóf, Ildikó. Wise Women, Sinners and the Poor: the Social Background in a 16th-18th-Century Calvinist City of Eastern Hungary. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 37 (1991-2). Vukanovi, T.P., Witchcraft in the Central Balkans I: Characteristics of Witches. Folklore 100 (1989). Cassar, Carmel. Witchcraft Beliefs and Social Control in Seventeenth-Century Malta. Journal of Mediterranean Studies 3 (1993).