James E. Baker is director of the Syracuse University Institute for Security Policy and Law and a professor at the Syracuse College of Law and the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. He served as judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (2000–2015) and as a legal adviser to the National Security Council (1994–2000). He is the author of In the Common Defense: National Security Law for Perilous Times and co-author of Regulating Covert Action.

“In this insightful book, James Baker covers a broad range of legal dilemmas surrounding artificial intelligence in ways that will be accessible to national security policymakers and legal generalists, while also useful to technologists and specialists in government, academia, and industry. Drawing on vivid historical cases, Baker shows how society can govern technology, rather than the other way around.”—Jason Matheny, founding director, Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Georgetown University; commissioner, National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence; and former assistant director of National Intelligence and director of IARPA“The Centaur’s Dilemma is a must-read for anyone interested in national security and technology. James Baker provides an extraordinary and timely roadmap for how to think about the intersection of the law and artificial intelligence. What is exceptional about this work is his focus on how to use the law as a tool for making wiser and more strategic decisions regarding the use of AI in national security. He also identifies interrelated mechanisms for effectively incorporating our values in the processes that we design to promote ethical and societal interests as we take advantage of AI-enabled systems. Accessible and extremely thoughtful, this book is indispensable reading for our next generation of national security policymakers.”—Avril Haines, former assistant to the president and principal deputy national security adviser; deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency; and legal adviser to the National Security Council“An incredibly important and timely contribution. AI fielding is rapidly outpacing the resolution of critical legal, policy, safety, and ethics questions. Baker provides both a superb AI primer and a comprehensive, compelling framework for tackling these tough questions and optimizing the human-machine team.”—Lt. Gen. John N.T. “Jack” Shanahan (USAF, Ret.); inaugural director, Joint Artificial Intelligence Center, Department of Defense, 2018–2020

• Contents:Acknowledgments1. Introduction: The Centaur's DilemmaPart I: The Centaur's Dilemma2. The New Electricity: What Is Artificial Intelligence?3. The Perfect Sentinel: National Security Applications4. Sitting on a Hot Frying Pan: National Security Implications of AIPart II: The Centaur's Choice5. Toward a Legal Framework6. Constitutional Law7. Statutory Regulation of the National Technology Industrial Base8. Arms Control by Analogy9. The Means and Methods of War: Additional Analogies and Potential Applications10. Completing the Template: Ethics, Codes, Guidelines, and Corporate Security Responsibility11. The Centaur's ChoiceConclusionNotesIndex

James E. Baker is director of the Syracuse University Institute for Security Policy and Law and a professor at the Syracuse College of Law and the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. He served as judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (2000–2015) and as a legal adviser to the National Security Council (1994–2000). He is the author of In the Common Defense: National Security Law for Perilous Times and co-author of Regulating Covert Action.

“In this insightful book, James Baker covers a broad range of legal dilemmas surrounding artificial intelligence in ways that will be accessible to national security policymakers and legal generalists, while also useful to technologists and specialists in government, academia, and industry. Drawing on vivid historical cases, Baker shows how society can govern technology, rather than the other way around.”—Jason Matheny, founding director, Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Georgetown University; commissioner, National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence; and former assistant director of National Intelligence and director of IARPA“The Centaur’s Dilemma is a must-read for anyone interested in national security and technology. James Baker provides an extraordinary and timely roadmap for how to think about the intersection of the law and artificial intelligence. What is exceptional about this work is his focus on how to use the law as a tool for making wiser and more strategic decisions regarding the use of AI in national security. He also identifies interrelated mechanisms for effectively incorporating our values in the processes that we design to promote ethical and societal interests as we take advantage of AI-enabled systems. Accessible and extremely thoughtful, this book is indispensable reading for our next generation of national security policymakers.”—Avril Haines, former assistant to the president and principal deputy national security adviser; deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency; and legal adviser to the National Security Council“An incredibly important and timely contribution. AI fielding is rapidly outpacing the resolution of critical legal, policy, safety, and ethics questions. Baker provides both a superb AI primer and a comprehensive, compelling framework for tackling these tough questions and optimizing the human-machine team.”—Lt. Gen. John N.T. “Jack” Shanahan (USAF, Ret.); inaugural director, Joint Artificial Intelligence Center, Department of Defense, 2018–2020

• Contents:Acknowledgments1. Introduction: The Centaur's DilemmaPart I: The Centaur's Dilemma2. The New Electricity: What Is Artificial Intelligence?3. The Perfect Sentinel: National Security Applications4. Sitting on a Hot Frying Pan: National Security Implications of AIPart II: The Centaur's Choice5. Toward a Legal Framework6. Constitutional Law7. Statutory Regulation of the National Technology Industrial Base8. Arms Control by Analogy9. The Means and Methods of War: Additional Analogies and Potential Applications10. Completing the Template: Ethics, Codes, Guidelines, and Corporate Security Responsibility11. The Centaur's ChoiceConclusionNotesIndex

James E. Baker is director of the Syracuse University Institute for Security Policy and Law and a professor at the Syracuse College of Law and the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. He served as judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (2000–2015) and as a legal adviser to the National Security Council (1994–2000). He is the author of In the Common Defense: National Security Law for Perilous Times and co-author of Regulating Covert Action.

“In this insightful book, James Baker covers a broad range of legal dilemmas surrounding artificial intelligence in ways that will be accessible to national security policymakers and legal generalists, while also useful to technologists and specialists in government, academia, and industry. Drawing on vivid historical cases, Baker shows how society can govern technology, rather than the other way around.”—Jason Matheny, founding director, Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Georgetown University; commissioner, National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence; and former assistant director of National Intelligence and director of IARPA“The Centaur’s Dilemma is a must-read for anyone interested in national security and technology. James Baker provides an extraordinary and timely roadmap for how to think about the intersection of the law and artificial intelligence. What is exceptional about this work is his focus on how to use the law as a tool for making wiser and more strategic decisions regarding the use of AI in national security. He also identifies interrelated mechanisms for effectively incorporating our values in the processes that we design to promote ethical and societal interests as we take advantage of AI-enabled systems. Accessible and extremely thoughtful, this book is indispensable reading for our next generation of national security policymakers.”—Avril Haines, former assistant to the president and principal deputy national security adviser; deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency; and legal adviser to the National Security Council“An incredibly important and timely contribution. AI fielding is rapidly outpacing the resolution of critical legal, policy, safety, and ethics questions. Baker provides both a superb AI primer and a comprehensive, compelling framework for tackling these tough questions and optimizing the human-machine team.”—Lt. Gen. John N.T. “Jack” Shanahan (USAF, Ret.); inaugural director, Joint Artificial Intelligence Center, Department of Defense, 2018–2020

• Contents:Acknowledgments1. Introduction: The Centaur's DilemmaPart I: The Centaur's Dilemma2. The New Electricity: What Is Artificial Intelligence?3. The Perfect Sentinel: National Security Applications4. Sitting on a Hot Frying Pan: National Security Implications of AIPart II: The Centaur's Choice5. Toward a Legal Framework6. Constitutional Law7. Statutory Regulation of the National Technology Industrial Base8. Arms Control by Analogy9. The Means and Methods of War: Additional Analogies and Potential Applications10. Completing the Template: Ethics, Codes, Guidelines, and Corporate Security Responsibility11. The Centaur's ChoiceConclusionNotesIndex