Michelle M. Wright is Associate Professor of English at the University of Minnesota. She is a coeditor of Domain Errors! Cyberfeminist Practices.

“An important book for scholars of the African diaspora, Becoming Black puts the word ‘diaspora’ back into African American studies. There are bold new conversations here.”-Sharon Holland, author of Raising the Dead: Readings of Death and (Black) Subjectivity “Becoming Black yields a complex and differentiated understanding of Enlightenment discourses on race and offers a framework for comparing the different models of subjecthood that underwrote the varying histories of colonialism and slavery. It is unique in that it brings Afro-German and Afro-French writings into dialogue with Afro-British and African American texts. There is no existing study of the African diaspora that brings such a range of national traditions together.”-Madhu Dubey, author of Signs and Cities: Black Literary Postmodernism

• AcknowledgmentsviiIntroduction: Being and Becoming Black in the West 11. The European and American Invention of the Black Other272. The Trope of Masking in the Works of W. E. B. Du Bois, Leopold Sedar Senghor, and Aime Cesaire 663. Some Women Disappear: Frantz Fanon's Legacy in Black Nationalist Thought and the Black (Male) Subject1114. How I Got Ovah: Masking to Motherhood and the Diasporic Black Female Subject 1365. The Urban Diaspora: Black Subjectivities in Berlin, London, and Paris183Epilogue: If the Black Is a Subject, Can the Subaltern Speak? 229Notes 233Bibliography 261Index 269

Michelle M. Wright is Associate Professor of English at the University of Minnesota. She is a coeditor of Domain Errors! Cyberfeminist Practices.

“An important book for scholars of the African diaspora, Becoming Black puts the word ‘diaspora’ back into African American studies. There are bold new conversations here.”-Sharon Holland, author of Raising the Dead: Readings of Death and (Black) Subjectivity “Becoming Black yields a complex and differentiated understanding of Enlightenment discourses on race and offers a framework for comparing the different models of subjecthood that underwrote the varying histories of colonialism and slavery. It is unique in that it brings Afro-German and Afro-French writings into dialogue with Afro-British and African American texts. There is no existing study of the African diaspora that brings such a range of national traditions together.”-Madhu Dubey, author of Signs and Cities: Black Literary Postmodernism

• AcknowledgmentsviiIntroduction: Being and Becoming Black in the West 11. The European and American Invention of the Black Other272. The Trope of Masking in the Works of W. E. B. Du Bois, Leopold Sedar Senghor, and Aime Cesaire 663. Some Women Disappear: Frantz Fanon's Legacy in Black Nationalist Thought and the Black (Male) Subject1114. How I Got Ovah: Masking to Motherhood and the Diasporic Black Female Subject 1365. The Urban Diaspora: Black Subjectivities in Berlin, London, and Paris183Epilogue: If the Black Is a Subject, Can the Subaltern Speak? 229Notes 233Bibliography 261Index 269

Michelle M. Wright is Associate Professor of English at the University of Minnesota. She is a coeditor of Domain Errors! Cyberfeminist Practices.

“An important book for scholars of the African diaspora, Becoming Black puts the word ‘diaspora’ back into African American studies. There are bold new conversations here.”-Sharon Holland, author of Raising the Dead: Readings of Death and (Black) Subjectivity “Becoming Black yields a complex and differentiated understanding of Enlightenment discourses on race and offers a framework for comparing the different models of subjecthood that underwrote the varying histories of colonialism and slavery. It is unique in that it brings Afro-German and Afro-French writings into dialogue with Afro-British and African American texts. There is no existing study of the African diaspora that brings such a range of national traditions together.”-Madhu Dubey, author of Signs and Cities: Black Literary Postmodernism

• AcknowledgmentsviiIntroduction: Being and Becoming Black in the West 11. The European and American Invention of the Black Other272. The Trope of Masking in the Works of W. E. B. Du Bois, Leopold Sedar Senghor, and Aime Cesaire 663. Some Women Disappear: Frantz Fanon's Legacy in Black Nationalist Thought and the Black (Male) Subject1114. How I Got Ovah: Masking to Motherhood and the Diasporic Black Female Subject 1365. The Urban Diaspora: Black Subjectivities in Berlin, London, and Paris183Epilogue: If the Black Is a Subject, Can the Subaltern Speak? 229Notes 233Bibliography 261Index 269