LEGO®-Based Therapy

Simon Baron-Cohen is Professor of Developmental Psychopathology at Cambridge University and a Fellow of Trinity College. He is also Director of the Autism Research Centre in Cambridge, and runs a clinic for adults with Asperger Syndrome. Gina Gómez de la Cuesta completed her PhD in 2008 at the Cambridge University Autism Research Centre, running and evaluating LEGO® therapy under the supervision of Daniel LeGoff, Simon Baron-Cohen and Ayla Humphrey. She is a trained teacher and has worked at the National Autistic Society as Action Research Leader. She runs training for professionals interested in LEGO® Therapy when she can and has run LEGO® Clubs in schools and clinical settings. She is now in her second year of Clinical Psychology training at the University of East Anglia. Daniel B. LeGoff is a licensed and board-certified pediatric neuropsychologist, and the pioneer of LEGO® Therapy. A psychology graduate of the University of Winnipeg, Canada, Dr LeGoff received Master's and Doctorate degrees in clinical psychology from Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, British Columbia. He then completed residency and post-doctoral training at Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago, and the Queen's Medical Center in Honolulu. He specializes in the assessment and treatment of neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral conditions in infants, children, and adolescents. He can be contacted at dlegoff1@hotmail.com. GW Krauss completed his graduate training at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks and the Widener University Institute for Graduate Clinical Psychology. Dr Krauss has provided play and group therapy for children and adults with social and neurodevelopmental deficits since 1995. He has worked on the development and implementation LEGO® Therapy with Dr LeGoff for the past six years. Dr Krauss integrates the approach into the social learning programming for students with autism and related conditions at the Y.A.L.E. School and Clinic in Cherry Hill, New Jersey, USA where he is a licensed clinical neuropsychologist.

The best kind of therapy is when it's so much fun that the child doesn't know it's happening. LEGO®-Based Therapy fits that bill. The authors have left no stone unturned in developing a systematic social intervention. They provide a comprehensive, step-by-step program with documented improvements in social competence.

• 1. Introduction. 1.1. The Development of LEGO® Therapy. 1.2. Group Therapy: The LEGO® Club. 2. Implementing LEGO® Therapy. 2.1. General Principles. 2.1.1. What is LEGO® Therapy? 2.1.2. Who is LEGO® Therapy for? 2.1.3. What qualifications do you need to run LEGO® Therapy groups? 2.1.4. The main principles of LEGO® Therapy. 3. LEGO® therapy levels of intervention. 3.1. Level One – Individual Therapy. 3.1.1. Pivotal Skills. 3.1.2. Therapeutic Activities for Building Pivotal Skills. 3.1.3. Building Skills. 3.2. Level Two – Collaborative Building with One Peer. 3.2.1. Collaborative Set Building. 3.2.2. Collaborative Freestyle. 3.3. Level Three – Collaborative Building with Two Peers. 3.3.1. Set Building. 3.3.2. Freestyle Building. 3.4. Level Four – Social Communication. 3.4.1. Individual Therapy. 3.4.2. 'Check-in'. 4. Structure of a LEGO® Therapy Group Session. 4.1. Initial greeting. 4.2. Group review and discussion. 4.3. Role and task assignment. 4.4. Group-based semi-structured activities. 4.5. Less structured, creative time. 4.6. Clean-up time. 4.7. Farewell and parent review. 4.8. Planning and evaluating the sessions. 5. Effective and Ineffective Procedures in LEGO® Therapy. 6. Behavior Management and Rewards. 6.1. LEGO® Club Rules. 6.2. LEGO® Points. 6.3. Use of Time-Out. 6.4. “Rules of Cool”. 6.5. The LEGO® Club Level System. 6.6. LEGO® Levels. 6.6.1. LEGO Helper. 6.6.2. LEGO Builder. 6.6.3. LEGO Creator. 6.6.4. LEGO Master. 6.6.5. LEGO Genius. 7. Setting up your own LEGO® therapy groups. 7.1. The Permanent LEGO® Room. 7.1.1. Physical Layout. 7.1.2. Establishing the Structure. 7.2. Temporary Set-Up. 7.3. Portable Materials. 8. Specific Materials and Arrangements. 8.1. Choosing Materials: sets with instructions. 8.2. Choosing Materials: freestyle LEGO®. 8.3. Maintaining Materials. 9. Assessment Procedures. 9.1. Initial Assessment. 9.1.1. Initial Interview. 9.1.1.1. Building a small set. 9.1.1.2. Free-style building. 9.2. Initial Observation in Natural Setting.9.3. Follow-Up Assessments. 9.4. Termination/Graduation. 10. Conclusion. References. Appendix A. LEGO® Therapy Intake Assessment. Appendix B. Structured Observation. Appendix C. Lego Therapy Log and Session Plan and Evaluation.